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39 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What does a genotype set the stage for? |
Disposition, coat color/type, speed, gait type, and composition (phenotype) |
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What are 2 desired characteristics from a livestock producers standpoint? |
Efficiency of production and disposition |
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What are 2 desired characteristics from a meat consumers standpoint? |
Tenderness and flavor |
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Applied genetic in animals is usually referred to as... |
Animal breeding |
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A gene is a segment of DNA that codes for... |
Specific proteins |
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A gene is a segment of the double helix consisting of |
Several chromosomes |
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A nucleotide consists of |
Deoxyribose, phosphate, and a hydrogen base |
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Making a copy of DNA is called... |
DNA replication |
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Replication is carried out by _____ dna |
Unzipping |
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Various forms of a given gene are called |
Alleles |
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What does it mean to be homozygous? |
To have matching alleles at a given point on the chromosome |
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What does it mean to be heterozygous? |
To have different alleles at a given point on a chromosome |
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What is the term for the passing on of alleles? |
Inheritance |
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What are reproductive cells called? |
Gametes |
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What is within a gamete? |
A single allele for each gene |
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Male and female gametes respectively |
Sperm and eggs |
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An autosome is what? |
Simply all chromosomes other than sex chromosomes |
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What are the examination procedures for a lameness exam? |
•Medical history of the horse •visual appraisal of the horse at rest •thorough hands-on exam •application of hoof testers on the feet •evaluation of the horse in motion •joint flexion test |
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What are the diagnostic test of a lameness exam? |
•Diagnostic nerve and joint blocks •radiographs •scintigraphy (nuclear scanning) •ultrasound (sonography) •arthroscopy •blood, synovial (joint) fluid and tissue samples |
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AAEP Lameness scale |
0: Lameness not perceptible under an circumstances 1: Lameness is difficult to observe and is not consistently apparent, regardless of circumstances (ex. Under saddle, circling, inclines, hard surfaces, etc.) 2: Lameness is difficult to observe at a walk or when trotting in a straight line but consistently apparent under certain circumstances (ex. Weight carrying, circling, inclines, hard surfaces) 3: Lameness is consistently observable at a trot under all circumstances 4: Lameness is obvious at a walk 5: Lameness produces minimal weight bearing in motion and /or at rest or a complete inability to move |
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How will the vet observe the horse in motion? |
Observe the horse on both soft and hard surfaces, with or without a rider, walking and trotting |
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What is the point of a prepurchase exam? |
To provide info regarding lameness or potential lameness by evaluating conformation, movement, medical hx, past performance, and existing medical conditions. |
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What's the most important question your vet will ask a client before a prepurchase exam? |
What will you be doing with this horse? |
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What 2 things will the vet try to determine during a prepurchase exam? |
1) is the horse lame at the present time, or are there existing conditions that deserve a closer look 2) what is the likelihood that the horse will remain serviceable for its intended use? Age, health, expected level of activity, conformation, and past used is considered. |
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What are the limitations of a prepurchase exam? |
•conformation •hoof care •use of protective leg gear •fitting and conditioning of the horse •degree and manner of training •type and level of performance •age •skill, balance and experience of the rider •type and condition of the ground they perform on •disease or injury •genetic predisposition •others |
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What are the 4 methods of aging a horse? |
Skin of the cheek •young horses have soft and elastic - snaps back in place •old skin is lifeless- slow to snap back By the ribs •Older ribs are further apart, spaces between are more distinct than in a young horse By the shrinking of the flesh of the tail •in an old horse the flesh of the tail shrinks, making the joints more distinct By the teeth •much more reliable |
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What is the most common tumor in horses? |
Sarcoid- accounts for over half of all equine skin tumor |
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What are the 6 types of sarcoid? |
Based on gross appearance and clinical behavior have been described including occult, vereucous, nodular, fibroblastic, mixed, malevolent |
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Where are the common locations for sarcoid development? |
Perioccular region, ear pinnae, lips, neck, extremities, and ventrum (including groin area) |
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What is casually associated with equine sarcoid? |
Bovine papillomavirus |
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What is required for a definitive dx of equine sarcoid? |
Histopathology- but incomplete excision is thought to activate latent bovine papillomavirus and stimulate growth |
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Are there tx options for sarcoid? |
Nope, but you can surgical remove them, intratumoural chemotherapy, cryptotherapy, hyperthermia, radiotherapy, immunotherapy, and immune modulators |
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Prevention of sarcoid? |
Vaccine for bovine papillomavirus |
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Who's most likely to have Melanoma? |
Older Gray horses- 80% of gray or gray dapple horses over 15 years of age have at least one melanoma |
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Where do melanoma tumors most commonly occur? |
Perineum or ventral surface of the tail- they're usually firm, nodular, hairless, and may be ulcerated. They're almost always black and can grow slowly without metastasis, grow slowly with metastasis, or grow rapidly and metastasize from the onset |
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What should you be aware of when buying a horse with melanoma? |
It's important to realize that the future biological activity of this tumor in not predictable. Also, the potential exists for local multiplication and invasion, cosmetic deformity, and life-threatening metastasis |
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Is there medical therapy for melanoma? |
Yes, but it may not be successful. Surgical excision or cryotherapy can be done but it's possible for the tumors to recur. |
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What's the most important fact to remember if you're considering buying a horse with melanoma? |
Although it is benign, no one can predict the future metabolic activity of these tumors |
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What does horse pee look like? |
Very cloudy from large amounts of calcium carbonate crystals. |
