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43 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
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Acronym
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A word created from the initial letters of a phrase, but is pronounced as a whole word
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NASA
NATO FIFA |
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Affixiation
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Attaching parts or words or syllables to other words to form a new related word
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microbiology
eco-warrior |
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Compound words
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Words formed by joining two whole words together
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laptop
see-through |
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Blending
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A word produced by combining parts of other words
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brunch
netiquette |
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Proprietary names
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When a word is coined from a company name or the name of the inventor of a product
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Hoover
Walkman |
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Initialism
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A word made up from the initial letters of a phrase and pronounced individually
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CD
FBI |
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Neologism/Coinage
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The creation of completely new words
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Back-formation
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The removal of part of a word
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editor - edit
donation - donate |
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Clipping
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Shortening words
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flu
lab |
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Jargon
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Lexis specific to a particular job or interest which requires previous knowledge
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Narrowing
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The meaning of a word becomes more specific
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Broadening
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The meaning of a word becomes less specific and more generalised
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Amelioration
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The meaning of a word becomes more positive over time
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pretty - used to mean sly and cunning
wicked - now means great |
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Pejoration
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The meaning of a word becomes more negative or less favourable
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hussy - used to mean housewife
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Metaphorical extension/Idiomatic usage
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When words acquire new meaning because they have been used metaphically
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over the moon
under the weather |
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Euphemism
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The substitution of a mild term for an offensive one
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Cliche
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An overused expression or idea
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Antithesis
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A figure of speech with sharply contrasting ideas
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The "ing" construction
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The shortening of sentences as the addition of "ing" creates less of a need for certain words
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what do you read my lord? = what are you reading?
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Inflections
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The rise of tone or voice at the end of a word or sentence to imply grammar (normally a question)
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Implication
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The intended message of a piece of text
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Orthography
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Spelling
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Discourse
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The way a text is set out
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chronological
clear narrative question and answer format etc |
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Accent levelling
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Where peoples accent become more similar. Upward and downward convergence relates to whether an accent become more upper class (formal) or less so
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Accent strengthening
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Where peoples accents become less similar to those around them
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Vowel shift
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(1300 to 1500) a change in the pronunciation of all long vowel sounds
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Estuary English
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The forms of English spoken in and around London and the southeast
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Font
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The type of lettering used which can portray different meanings
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Archaic
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A word no longer in use today
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thou
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Closed-class words
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Words that never change their meaning
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the
and in |
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Collocation
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Phrases that are composed of words that occur together for lexical reasons rather than semantic reasons
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a person who smokes a lot is a "heavy smoker" but someone who writes a lot is not a "heavy writer"
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Connotation
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The set of associations implied by a word or phrase
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Conversion
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A word that has changed from one form, function or purpose to another
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noun to verb
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Corpus
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A large collection of writings on a specific subject
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Denotation
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The actual object or idea the word refers to
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Diachronic Variation
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Language change over time
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Elision
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When letters are missed out phonologically
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Etymology
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The study of word origins
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Intertextuality
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The way one text echoes another
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Inverted syntax
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When word order is reversed
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A common feature from earlier periods when word order was not as rigid
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Obsolete
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A word no longer in use
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Onomatopoeia
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When the sound of a word echoes its meaning
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buzz
splash |
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Taboo
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Language that is forbidden
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swear words
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