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20 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Pragmatics |
the study of social language: how people communicate with each other. |
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Phonology |
the study of sounds and speech patterns: the distinctions between consonant and vowel sounds, and how they are combined to form words. |
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Phonemes |
the smallest units of sound that convey meaning ex: man (/m/a/n/) |
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phonemic awareness |
the understanding that words can be divided into phonemes, and conversely, that phonemes can be blended together to form words.
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Morphology |
the study of units of meaning in language. |
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Morphemes |
the smallest units of meaning in words. dividing a word into morphemes means dividing it up into most basic parts. |
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Alphabetic understanding |
the understanding that in printed words, the letters, representing phonemes, are read left to right. |
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Alphabetic principle |
the basic understanding of letter-sound awareness, which is the first step in learning to read. |
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grapheme |
the term for each of the individual letters and letter combinations that represent the same phoneme.
ex: the phoneme /f/ can be represented by more than just the letter "f" as in fly; it can also be represented by "ph" as in (phone) or "gh" as in (cough). |
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Orthography |
the system of using symbols to represent sounds--- in English, it is an alphabetic spelling system. |
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What are the 5 stages of second language acquisition? |
1. Preproduction 2. Early production 3. Speech Emergence 4. Intermediate Language Proficiency 5. Advanced Language Proficiency |
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Preproduction |
(the silent period) students observe, listen, absorb, and develop an understanding of up to 500 words, but may not speak for several months, or may communicate only with gestures and a few basic words |
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Early production |
when students understand and can use apporximately 1,000 words |
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Speech Emergence |
(duration: another year) developed 3,000 words and are beginning to speak in short sentences, ask simple questions, and engage in basic conversation. |
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Intermediate Language proficiency |
intermediate fluency. vocabulary of about 6,000 words. (another year) |
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Advanced Language Proficiency |
(aka: advanced fluency) takes several years, but by this point their English is comparable to their grade-level native English-speaking peers. |
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Krashens Hypotheses |
(second language acquisition theory..5 of the following hypotheses) 1. The Acquisition-Learning Distinction 2. The Natural Order Hypothesis 3. The Monitor Hypothesis 4. The Input Hypothesis 5. The Affective Filter Hypothesis |
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Dr. Jim Cummins |
theory: distinction between two types of language.
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BICS |
Basic Interpersonal Communication Skills |
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CALP |
Cognitive Academic Language Proficiency |
