Language Of Medicine: Chapter 2: Terms Pertaining To The Body As A Whole: Study Section 1

Front 1

Anabolism

Back 1

process of building up large proteins from small proteins pieces called amino acids. Ana- means up, bol mean to cast, and -ism is a process

Front 2

Catabolism

Back 2

process whereby complex nutrients are broken down to simple substances and energy is released. Cata- means down, bol means to cast, and -ism is a proces

Front 3

cell membrane

Back 3

structure surrounding and protecting the cell. it determines what enters and leaves the cell.

Front 4

Chromosomes

Back 4

Rod-shaped structures in the nucleus that contain regions of DNA called genes. There are 46 chromosomes (23 pairs) in every cell except for the egg and sperm cells, which only contains only 23 individual, unpaired chromosomes

Front 5

cytoplasm

Back 5

all the material that is outside the nucleus and yet contained within the cell membrane

Front 6

DNA

Back 6

chemical found within each chromosome. Arranged like a sequence of recipes in code, it directs the activities of the cell

Front 7

Endoplasmic reticulum

Back 7

Network of canals within the cytoplasm of the cell. Here, large proteins are made from smaller protein pieces.

Front 8

Genes

Back 8

Regions of DNA within each chromosome

Front 9

Karyotype

Back 9

Picture of chromosomes in the nucleus of a cell. The chromosomes are arranged in numerical order to determine their number and structure

Front 10

Metabolism

Back 10

Total of the chemical processes in a cell. It includes catabolism and anabolism. Meta- means change, bol means to cast, and -ism means a process.

Front 11

Mitochondria

Back 11

Structures in the cytoplasm that provide the principal source of energy (miniature "power plants") for the cell. Catabolism is the process that occurs in mitochondria.

Front 12

Nucleus

Back 12

Control center of the cell. It contains chromosomes and directs the activities of the cell