Language Of Medicine: Chapter 2 Part 2/2

Front 1

Anabolism

Back 1

process of building up large proteins from small proteins pieces called amino acids. Ana– means up, bol mean to cast, and –ism is a process

Front 2

Catabolism

Back 2

process whereby complex nutrients are broken down to simple substances and energy is released. Cata– means down, bol means to cast, and –ism is a proces

Front 3

cell membrane

Back 3

structure surrounding and protecting the cell. it determines what enters and leaves the cell.

Front 4

Chromosomes

Back 4

Rod–shaped structures in the nucleus that contain regions of DNA called genes. There are 46 chromosomes (23 pairs) in every cell except for the egg and sperm cells, which only contains only 23 individual, unpaired chromosomes

Front 5

cytoplasm

Back 5

all the material that is outside the nucleus and yet contained within the cell membrane

Front 6

DNA

Back 6

chemical found within each chromosome. Arranged like a sequence of recipes in code, it directs the activities of the cell

Front 7

Endoplasmic reticulum

Back 7

Network of canals within the cytoplasm of the cell. Here, large proteins are made from smaller protein pieces.

Front 8

Genes

Back 8

Regions of DNA within each chromosome

Front 9

Karyotype

Back 9

Picture of chromosomes in the nucleus of a cell. The chromosomes are arranged in numerical order to determine their number and structure

Front 10

Metabolism

Back 10

Total of the chemical processes in a cell. It includes catabolism and anabolism. Meta– means change, bol means to cast, and –ism means a process.

Front 11

Mitochondria

Back 11

Structures in the cytoplasm that provide the principal source of energy (miniature "power plants") for the cell. Catabolism is the process that occurs in mitochondria.

Front 12

Nucleus

Back 12

Control center of the cell. It contains chromosomes and directs the activities of the cell

Front 13

Adipose tissue

Back 13

collection of fat cells

Front 14

cartilage

Back 14

flexible connective tissue attached to bones at joints. For example, it surrounds the trachea and forms part of the external ear and nose

Front 15

Epithelial cells

Back 15

skin cells that cover outside of the body and line the internal surfaces of organs

Front 16

Histologist

Back 16

specialist in the study of tissues

Front 17

Larynx

Back 17

"voice box"; located at the upper part of the trachea

Front 18

pharynx

Back 18

throat. the pharynx serves as the common passageway for food (from the mouth going to the esophagus) and air (from the nose to the trachea)

Front 19

pituitary gland

Back 19

endocrine gland at the base of the brain

Front 20

thyroid gland

Back 20

endocrine gland that surrounds the trachea in the neck

Front 21

trachea

Back 21

"windpipe" (tube leading from the throat to the bronchial tubes).

Front 22

ureter

Back 22

one of two tubes, each leading from a single kidney to the urinary bladder.

Front 23

Urethra

Back 23

tube from the urinary bladder to the outside of the body.

Front 24

uterus

Back 24

the womb. the organ that holds the embryo/fetus as it develops

Front 25

viscera

Back 25

internal organs

Front 26

Abdominal cavity

Back 26

space below the chest containing organs such as the liver, stomach, gallbladder, and intestines

Front 27

cranial cavity

Back 27

space in the head containing the brain and surrounded by the skull; means pertaining to the skull

Front 28

diaphragm

Back 28

muscle separating the abdominal and thoracic cavities; moves up and down and aids in breathing

Front 29

dorsal (posterior)

Back 29

pertaining to the back

Front 30

mediastinum

Back 30

centrally located space outside of and between the lungs

Front 31

pelvic cavity

Back 31

space below the abdomen containing portions of the intestines, rectum, urinary bladder, and reproductive organs

Front 32

peritoneum

Back 32

double–folded membrane surrounding the abdominal cavity

Front 33

pleura

Back 33

double–folded membrane surrounding each lung

Front 34

pleural cavity

Back 34

space between the pleural layers

Front 35

spinal cavity

Back 35

space within the spinal column (backbones) containing the spinal cord

Front 36

thoracic cavity

Back 36

space in the chest containing the heart, lungs, bronchial tubes, trachea, esophagus, and other organs

Front 37

ventral (anterior)

Back 37

pertaining to the front

Front 38

Abdominopelvic Quadrants

Back 38

4 quadrants

Front 39

RUQ

Back 39

right upper quadrant

Front 40

LUQ

Back 40

Left upper quadrant

Front 41

RLQ

Back 41

Right lower quadrant

Front 42

LLQ

Back 42

Left lower quadrant

Front 43

Abdominopelvic Regions

Back 43

9 regions

Front 44

hypochondriac

Back 44

right and left upper regions beneath the ribs

Front 45

epigastric

Back 45

middle upper region above the stomac

Front 46

lumbar

Back 46

right and left middle regions near the waist

Front 47

umbilical

Back 47

central region near the navel

Front 48

inguinal

Back 48

right and left lower regions near the groin

Front 49

hypogastric

Back 49

middle lower region below the umbilical cord

Front 50

Divisions of the Back

Back 50

5 parts

Front 51

cervical

Back 51

neck region (C1 to C7)

Front 52

thoracic

Back 52

chest region (T1 to T12)

Front 53

lumbar

Back 53

loin (waist) region (L1 to L5)

Front 54

sacral

Back 54

region of the sacrum (S1 to S5)

Front 55

coccygeal

Back 55

region of the coccyx (tailbone)

Front 56

vertebra

Back 56

single backbone

Front 57

vertebrae

Back 57

backbones

Front 58

spinal column

Back 58

bone tissue surrounding the spinal cavity

Front 59

spinal cord

Back 59

nervous tissue within the spinal cavity

Front 60

disk (disc)

Back 60

pad of cartilage between vertebrae

Front 61

anterior (ventral)

Back 61

front surface of the body

Front 62

deep

Back 62

away from the surface

Front 63

distal

Back 63

far from the point of attachment to the trunk or far from the beginning of a structure

Front 64

frontal (coronal) plane

Back 64

vertical plane dividing the body or structure into anterior and posterior portions

Front 65

inferior (caudal)

Back 65

below another structure; pertaining to the tail or lower portion of the body.

Front 66

lateral

Back 66

pertaining to the side

Front 67

medial

Back 67

pertaining to the middle or near the medial plane of the body

Front 68

posterior (dorsal)

Back 68

back surface of the body

Front 69

prone

Back 69

lying on the belly (face down, palms down)

Front 70

proximal

Back 70

near the point of attachment to the trunk or near the beginning of a structure

Front 71

sagittal (lateral) plane

Back 71

lengthwise, vertical plane dividing the body or structure into right and left sides

Front 72

superficial

Back 72

on the surface

Front 73

superior (cephalic)

Back 73

above another structure; pertaining to the head

Front 74

supine

Back 74

lying on the back (face up, palms up)

Front 75

transverse (axial) plane

Back 75

horizontal (cross–sectional) plane dividing the body into upper and lower portions