Language Of Medicine Chapter 18 - Terminology - Eighth Edition

Front 1

Adenectomy

Back 1

Surgical removal of a gland.

Front 2

Adenohyphysis

Back 2

Anterior lobe of the pituitary gland.

Front 3

Adrenal cortex

Back 3

Outer section (cortex) of each adrenal gland; secretes epinephrine and norepinephrine.

Front 4

Adrenal medulla

Back 4

Inner section (medulla) of each adrenal gland; secretes epinephrine and norepinephrine.

Front 5

Adrenocorticotropic

Back 5

Pertaining to adrennocorticotropin (ACTH) which stimulates the adrenal cortex.

Front 6

Adrenopathy

Back 6

Disease of the adrenal glands

Front 7

Aldosterone

Back 7

A secretion from the adrenal cortex which increases salt (sodium) reabsorption.

Front 8

Androgen

Back 8

Male hormone secreted by the testes and adrenal cortex.

Front 9

Adrenaline

Back 9

A secretion from the adrenal medulla that increases heart rate and blood pressure.

Front 10

Adrenalectomy

Back 10

Surgical removal of the adrenal glands.

Front 11

Antidiuretic hormone

Back 11

Secretion by the posterior lobe of the pituitary gland which increases reabsorption of water by the kidney.

Front 12

Calcitonin

Back 12

Secretion by the thyroid gland which decreases calcium levels.

Front 13

Catecholamines

Back 13

Hormone derived by amino acid secreted by the adrenal medulla.

Front 14

Corticosteroid

Back 14

Hormones/steroids produced by the adrenal cortex (i.e., cortisol, aldosterone, androgens and estrogens).

Front 15

Cortisol

Back 15

secretion by the adrenal cortex which increases blood sugar (anti-inflammatory and secreted during stress).

Front 16

Electrolyte

Back 16

Mineral salt in blood and tissues. Necessary for cell function (i.e., potassium, sodium, and calcium)

Front 17

Endrocrinologist

Back 17

Specialist of the endocrine system.

Front 18

Epinephrine

Back 18

Secretion from the adrenal medulla which increases heart rate, blood pressure and dilates airways.

Front 19

Estradiol

Back 19

Estrogen secreted by ovaries.

Front 20

Estrogen

Back 20

Female hormone secreted by ovaries and adrenal cortex.

Front 21

Estrogenic

Back 21

Pertaining to female

Front 22

Euthyroid

Back 22

Normal thyroid.

Front 23

Folicle-stimulating hormone

Back 23

Secretion by the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland which stimulates egg production by the ovaries and sperm by the testes.

Front 24

Glucagon

Back 24

Secretion by alpha islet cells of the pancreas. Increases blood sugar by conversion of glycogen (starch) into glucose.

Front 25

Glucocorticoid

Back 25

A steroid hormone secreted by the adrenal cortex (i.e., cortisol, aldosterone, androgens, and estrogens).

Front 26

Glycemic

Back 26

Pertaining to sugar.

Front 27

Glycogen

Back 27

An animal starch which the liver can convert to glucose.

Front 28

Glycosuria

Back 28

A condition where there is sugar in the urine.

Front 29

Gonadotropin

Back 29

A hormone which acts on the sex glands to stimulate FSH & LH.

Front 30

Growth hormone

Back 30

Secretion by the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland which stimulates bone and soft tissue growth.

Front 31

Homeostasis

Back 31

Tendancy of an organism to maintain a constant internal environment.

Front 32

Hormonal

Back 32

Pertining to hormones.

Front 33

Hormone

Back 33

Substance secreted by endocrine gland, that travels through the blood toa distant organ or gland where it influences the structure of function of that organ or gland.

Front 34

Hypercalcemia

Back 34

Excessive calcium in the blood.

Front 35

Hypocalcemia

Back 35

Deficiency of calcium in the blood.

Front 36

Hypogonadism

Back 36

Difficiency of gonadtropins.

Front 37

Hypoinsulinism

Back 37

Deficiency of insulin.

Front 38

Hypokalemia

Back 38

Deficiency of potassium in the blood.

Front 39

Hyponatremia

Back 39

Deficiency of sodium in the blood.

Front 40

Hypophysectomy

Back 40

Removal of the pituitary gland.

Front 41

Hypophysis

Back 41

Pituitary gland

Front 42

Hypopituitarism

Back 42

Pituitary dwarfism.

Front 43

Hypothalamus

Back 43

Region of the brain lying below the thalamus and above the pituitary gland.

Front 44

Insulin

Back 44

Secreted by beta islet cells in pacreas. It lowers blood sugar by transport and conversion of glucose to glycogen (starch).

Front 45

Luteinizing hormone

Back 45

Secreted by anterior lobe of the pituitary gland. It stimulates ovulation in females and testosterone in males.

Front 46

Mineralocorticoid

Back 46

Steroid hormone (i.e., aldosterone) secreted by the adrenal cortex to regulate mineral salts and water balance in the body.

Front 47

Neurohypohysis

Back 47

Posterior lobe of the pituitary gland.

Front 48

Norepinephrine

Back 48

Secreted by adrenal medulla; increases heart rate and blood pressure.

Front 49

Oxytocin

Back 49

Pertaining to a hormonal secretion which enables swift, rapid childbirth.

Front 50

Pancreas

Back 50

An organ behind the stomach which secretes hormones, enzymes and contains exocrine cells.

Front 51

Pancreatectomy

Back 51

Surgical removal of the pancreas.

Front 52

Parathormone

Back 52

Secreted by the parathyroid glands; increases blood calcium.

Front 53

Parathyroidectomy

Back 53

Surgical removal of the parathyroid glands.

Front 54

Parathyroid glands

Back 54

Four small glands on the posterior of the thyroid gland.

Front 55

Pineal gland

Back 55

The gland that secretes melatonin which induces sleep and affects mood.

Front 56

Pituitary gland

Back 56

Hypophysis. The gland located at the base of the brain in the sella turcica (has an anterior and an posterior lobe).

Front 57

Polydipsia

Back 57

Dehydration causes thirst.

Front 58

Progesterone

Back 58

A hormone secreted by the ovaries which prepares the uterus for pregnancy.

Front 59

Prolactin

Back 59

A hormone secreted by the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland which causes milk secretion.

Front 60

Receptor

Back 60

A cellular or nuclear response that binds to a hormone so that a response can be elicited.

Front 61

Sella turcica

Back 61

Cavity in the skull which contains the pituitary gland.

Front 62

Somatotropin

Back 62

Growth hormone. Secreted by the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland.

Front 63

Steroid

Back 63

A complex substance related to fats (derived from sterol) and of which many hormones are made.

Front 64

Sympathominmetic

Back 64

Pertaining to copying/mimicking the effect of the sympathetic nervous system.

Front 65

Target tissue

Back 65

Cells of an organ that are affected or stimulated by specific hormones.

Front 66

Testosterone

Back 66

A male hormone secreted by the testes.

Front 67

Tetraiodothyronine

Back 67

Thyroxine (T4). Secreted by the thyroid gland. Increases cell metabolism.

Front 68

Thyroid gland

Back 68

Glands located on either side of the neck which secret thyroxine.

Front 69

Thyroiditis

Back 69

Inflammation of the thyroid gland caused by an bacterial infection, virus or an autoimmune disorder (i.e., Hashimotos Thyroiditis).

Front 70

Thyrotropin

Back 70

Thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH)