Language Of Medicine Ch 20 Cancer Medicine

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Fungating

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Mushroom pattern of growth in which tumor cells pile one on top of another and project from a tissue surface

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inflammatory

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Having the features of inflammation- redness, swelling, and heat

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Medullary

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Large, soft, fleshy tumors

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Cystic

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Forming large open space is filled with fluid

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Necrotic

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Containing dead tissue

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Polypoid

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Gross that form projections extending outward from a base. pedunculated polyploid tumors

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Ulcerating

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Characterized by an open, exposed surface resulting from the death of overlying tissue

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Verrucous

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Resembling a wart like growth

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Alveolar

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Tumor cells form patterns resembling small sacks

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Carcinoma in situ

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Referring to localized tumor cells that have not invaded adjacent structures

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Diffuse

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Spread evenly throughout the affected area

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Dysplastic

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Containing abnormal appearing cells that are not clearly cancerous

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Epidermoid

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Resembling squamous epithelial cells (thin, plate-like)

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Follicular

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Forming small glandular sacks

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Papillary

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Forming small, finger-like or nipple like projections of cells

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Pleomorphic

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Composed of a variety of types of cells

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Scirrhous

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Densely packed tumors, due to dense bands of cypress tissue

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Undifferentiated

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Lacking microscopic structures typical of normal mature cells

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Cauterization

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Process of burning tissue to destroy it

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Core needle biopsy

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Placement of a large bore needle that extracts a safe in core of tissue

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EN bloc resection

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Tumor is removed along with a large area of surrounding tissue containing lymph nodes

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Excisional biopsy

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Removal of tumor and a margin of normal tissue maybe curable for small non invasive tumors

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Exenteration

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Wide resection involving removal of the tumor, its organ of origin, and all surrounding tissue in the body space

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Fine needle aspiration

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Placement of a very thin needle inside the tumor mass an extracting sells for microscopic evaluation

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Fulguration

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Destruction of tissue by electric sparks generated by a high-frequency current

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Incisional biopsy

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Piece of tumor is removed for examination to establish a diagnosis

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Adjuvant therapy

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Assisting primary treatment

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Alkylating agents

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Synthetic chemicals containing alkyl groups that attack DNA, causing strand breaks

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Anaplasia

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Loss of differentiation of cells, reversion to a more primitive cell type

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Angiogenesis

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Process of forming new blood vessels

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Anti biotics

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Chemical substances, produced by bacteria or primitive plants. They inhibit the growth of cells and are used in cancer chemotherapy

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Antimetabolites

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Chemicals that prevent cell division by inhibiting formation of substances necessary to make DNA. Used in cancer chemotherapy

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antimitotics

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Drugs that block mitosis. Taxol is an antimitotic used to treat breast and ovarian cancers

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Apoptosis

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Program cell death.

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Benign tumor

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Non cancerous growth

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Biological response modifier

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Substances produced by normal cells that either directly block tumor growth or stimulate the immune system to fight cancer

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Biological therapy

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Use of the body's own defense is to destroy tumor cells

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brachytherapy

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Radiotherapy that uses insertion of sealed containers into body cavities or radioactive seeds directly into the tumor

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Carcinogens

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Agents that cause cancer: chemicals and drugs, radiation, and viruses

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Cellular oncogenes

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Pieces of DNA that, when activated by mutations or by dislocation, can cause a normal cell to become malignant

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Chemotherapy

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Treatment with drugs

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Combination chemotherapy

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Use of several chemotherapeutic agents together for the treatment of tumors

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Dedifferentiation

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Loss of differentiation of cells. Reversion to a more primitive, embryonic type of cell; anaplasia or on differentiation

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DNA deoxyribonucleic acid

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Genetic material within the nucleus of a cell, controlled cell division and protein synthesis

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Differentiating agents

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Drugs that promote tumor cells to differentiate, stop growing, and die

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Differentiation

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Specialization of the cells