Language Of Medicine

Front 1

Arteries

Back 1

Large blood vessels that carry blood away from the heart

Front 2

Endothelium

Back 2

Innermost layer of epithelial cells. Secrete factors that affect the size of blood vessels, reduce blood clotting, and promote the growth of blood vessels

Front 3

Arterioles

Back 3

Small artery. Smaller branches of arteries carry blood to the capillaries

Front 4

Capillaries

Back 4

Tiniest of the blood vessels that carry nutrient rich, oxygenated blood from the arteries and arterioles to the body cells

Front 5

Venules

Back 5

Waste fill the blood flows back to the heart combine to form larger vessels called veins

Front 6

Veins

Back 6

Carry blood back to the heart from the tissues

Front 7

Valves

Back 7

Veins have valves that prevent the backflow of blood and keep the blood moving in one direction

Front 8

Aorta

Back 8

Largest artery in the body

Front 9

Apex of the heart

Back 9

Lower tip of the heart

Front 10

Atrioventricular bundle

Back 10

Aka bundle of His(hiss). specialized muscle fibers connecting the atria with the ventricles and transmitting electrical impulses between them

Front 11

Atrioventricular node

Back 11

AV node. Specialized tissue in the wall between the atria. Electrical impulses pass from the pacemaker(SA node) through the AV (His) node and the atrioventricular bundle towards the ventricles

Front 12

Atrium (plural:atria)

Back 12

One of the two upper chambers of the heart

Front 13

Carbon dioxide

Back 13

Gas released by body cells, transported through veins to the heart, and then to the lungs for exhalation

Front 14

Coronary arteries

Back 14

Blood vessels that branch from the aorta and carry oxygen rich blood to the heart muscle

Front 15

Deoxygenated blood

Back 15

Blood that is oxygen poor

Front 16

Diastole

Back 16

Relaxation phase of the heartbeat

Front 17

Electrocardiogram

Back 17

Record of the electricity flowing through the heart. The electricity is represented by waves or deflections called P, QRS, or T

Front 18

Endocardium

Back 18

Inner lining of the heart

Front 19

Endothelium

Back 19

Innermost lining of blood vessels

Front 20

Mitral valve

Back 20

Valve between the left atrium and the left ventricle. bicuspid valve

Front 21

Murmur

Back 21

Abnormal swishing sound caused by improper closure of the heart valves

Front 22

Myocardium

Back 22

Muscular, middle layer of the heart

Front 23

Normal sinus rhythm

Back 23

Heart rhythm originating in the sinoatrial node with a rate in patients at a rest of 60 to a hundred beats per minute

Front 24

Oxygen

Back 24

Gas enters the blood through the lungs and travels to the heart to be pumped through arteries to all body cells

Front 25

Pacemaker (sinoatrial node)

Back 25

Specialized nervous tissue in the right atrium that begins the heartbeat. An artificial cardiac pacemaker is an electronic apparatus implanted in the chest to stimulate heart muscle that is weak and not functioning

Front 26

Pericardium

Back 26

Double layered membrane surrounding the heart

Front 27

Pulmonary artery

Back 27

Artery carrying oxygen poor blood from the heart to the lungs

Front 28

Pulmonary circulation

Back 28

Flow of blood from the heart to the lungs and back to the heart

Front 29

Pulmonary valve

Back 29

Valve position between the right ventricle and the pulmonary artery

Front 30

Pulmonary vein

Back 30

One of the two pairs of vessels carrying oxygenated blood from the lungs to the left atrium of the heart

Front 31

Pulse

Back 31

Beat of the heart as felt through the walls of the arteries

Front 32

Septum (plural: septa)

Back 32

Partition or wall dividing a cavity such as between the right and the left atria (interatrial septum) and right and left ventricles (interventricular septum)

Front 33

Sinoatrial node (SA node)

Back 33

Pacemaker of the heart

Front 34

Sphygmomanometer

Back 34

Instrument to measure blood pressure

Front 35

Systemic circulation

Back 35

Flow of blood from body tissue to the heart and then from the heart back to body tissue

Front 36

systole

Back 36

Contraction phase of the heartbeat

Front 37

Tricuspid valve

Back 37

Located between the right atrium and the right ventricle, it has 3 leaflets or cusps

Front 38

Valve

Back 38

Structure in veins or in the heart that temporarily closes and opening so that blood flows in only one direction

Front 39

Vein

Back 39

Thin-walled vessel that carries blood from body tissues and lungs back to the heart. Veins contain valves to prevent backflow of blood

Front 40

Vena cava( plural:venae cavae)

Back 40

Largest vein in the body. The superior and inferior vena cava return blood to the right atrium of the heart

Front 41

Ventricle

Back 41

One of two lower chambers of the heart

Front 42

Venule

Back 42

Small vein

Front 43

Angi/o

Back 43

Vessel

Front 44

Aort/o

Back 44

Aorta

Front 45

Arter/o , arteri/o

Back 45

Artery

Front 46

Ather/o

Back 46

Yellowish plaque, fatty substance

Front 47

Atri/o

Back 47

Atrium, upper heart chamber

Front 48

Brachi/o

Back 48

Arm

Front 49

Cardi/o

Back 49

Heart

Front 50

Cholesterol/o

Back 50

Cholesterol. A lipid substance

Front 51

Coron/o

Back 51

Heart

Front 52

Cyan/o

Back 52

Blue

Front 53

Myx/o

Back 53

Mucus

Front 54

Ox/o

Back 54

Oxygen

Front 55

Pericardi/o

Back 55

Pericardium

Front 56

Phleb/o

Back 56

Vein

Front 57

Rrhythm/o

Back 57

Rhythm

Front 58

Sphygm/o

Back 58

Pulse

Front 59

Steth/o

Back 59

Chest

Front 60

Thromb/o

Back 60

Clot

Front 61

Valvul/o , valv/o

Back 61

Valve

Front 62

Vas/o

Back 62

Vessel

Front 63

Vascul/o

Back 63

Vessel

Front 64

Ven/o , ven/i

Back 64

Vein

Front 65

Ventricul/o

Back 65

ventricle, lower heart chamber

Front 66

Angiotension converting enzyme(ACE) inhibitor

Back 66

Antihypertensive drug that prevents heart attacks, CHF, stroke, and

Front 67

Ascultation

Back 67

Listening for sounds in blood vessels or other body structures, typically using a stethoscope

Front 68

Beta blocker

Back 68

Drug used to treat angina, hypertension, and arrhythmias blocks the action of epinephrine

Front 69

Biventricular pacemaker

Back 69

Device enabling ventricles to be together in synchrony so that more blood is pumped out of the heart

Front 70

Bruit (bruee)

Back 70

Abnormal blowing or swishing sound heard during ascultation of an artery or organ

Front 71

Calcium channel blocker

Back 71

Drug used to treat angina and hypertension. It dilates blood vessels by blocking influx of calcium into muscle cells

Front 72

Cardiac arrest

Back 72

Sudden, unexpected stoppage of heart action, often leading to sudden cardiac death

Front 73

Cardiac tamponade

Back 73

Pressure on the heart caused by fluid in the pericardial Space

Front 74

Claudication

Back 74

Pain, tension, and weakness in a leg after walking has begun, but absence of pain at rest

Front 75

Digoxin

Back 75

Drug that treats arrhythmias and strengthens the heartbeat

Front 76

Embolus, plural emboli

Back 76

Clot or other substance that travels to a distant location and suddenly blocks a blood vessel

Front 77

Infarction

Back 77

Area of dead tissue

Front 78

Nitrates

Back 78

Drugs used in the treatment of angina. They dilate blood vessels, increasing blood flow and oxygen to myocardial tissue

Front 79

Nitroglycerin

Back 79

Nitrate drug use in the treatment of angina

Front 80

Occlusion

Back 80

Closure of a blood vessel due to a blockage

Front 81

Palpitations

Back 81

Uncomfortable sensations in the chest related to cardiac arrhythmias, such as premature ventricular contractions (PVC)

Front 82

Patent

Back 82

Open

Front 83

Pericardial friction rub

Back 83

Scraping or grating noise heard on ascultation of the heart, suggestive of pericarditis

Front 84

Petechiae

Back 84

Small, pinpoint hemorrhages

Front 85

Statins

Back 85

Drugs used to lower cholesterol in the blood stream

Front 86

Thrill

Back 86

Vibration felt over an area of turmoil in blood flow, as a blocked artery

Front 87

Vegetations

Back 87

Clumps of platelets, clotting proteins, microorganisms, and red blood cells on diseased heart valves

Front 88

BNP test

Back 88

Measures brain natriuretic peptide in the blood which is elevated in patients with heart failure

Front 89

Cardiac biomarkers

Back 89

Chemicals measured in the blood as evidence of a heart attack. Troponin-1(cTn1) and troponin-2(cTnT)

Front 90

Lipid test, lipid profile

Back 90

Measurement of cholesterol and triglycerides in a blood sample less than 200 ideal

Front 91

Lipoprotein electrophoresis

Back 91

Lipoproteins are physically separated and measured in a blood sample, LDL and HDL

Front 92

Angiography

Back 92

X-ray imaging of blood vessels after injection of contrast material

Front 93

Computed tomography angiography (CTA)

Back 93

3d x-ray images of the heart and coronary arteries using computed tomography(cross-sectional images)

Front 94

Digital subtraction angiography DSA

Back 94

Video equipment and the computer produce x-ray images of blood vessels. first without and second with contrast material to compare the images

Front 95

Electron beam computed tomography (EBCT or EBD)

Back 95

Electron beams and CT identify calcium deposits in and around the coronary arteries to diagnose early CAD

Front 96

Doppler ultrasound studies

Back 96

Sound waves measure blood flow within blood vessels

Front 97

Echocardiography (ECHO)

Back 97

Echoes generated by high frequency sound waves produced images of the heart

Front 98

Positron emission tomography (PET) scan

Back 98

Images show blood flow in myocardial function following uptake of radioactive glucose

Front 99

Technetium Tc 99m sestemibi scan

Back 99

Injected intravenously is taken up in cardiac tissue where it's detected by scanning

Front 100

Thallium 201 scan

Back 100

Concentration of radioactive valium is measured to give information about blood supply to the heart muscle

Front 101

Cardiac MRI (magnetic resonance imaging)

Back 101

Images of the heart are produced using radio wave energy in a magnetic field

Front 102

Cardiac catheterization

Back 102

Thin flexible tube is guided into the heart through a vein or an artery

Front 103

Electrocardiography (ECG)

Back 103

Recording of electricity flowing through the heart

Front 104

Holter monitoring

Back 104

An ECG device is worn during a 24 hour period to detect cardiac arrhythmias

Front 105

Stress test

Back 105

Exercise tolerance test (ETT) determines the heart's response to physical exertion ETT determines the hearts response to physical exertion

Front 106

Catheter ablation

Back 106

Brief delivery of radiofrequency energy to destroy areas of heart tissue that may be causing arrhythmias

Front 107

Coronary artery bypass grafting CABG

Back 107

Arteries and veins are anastomosed to coronary arteries to detour around blockages

Front 108

Defibrillation

Back 108

Brief discharges of electricity are applied across the chest to stop dysrhythmias or ventricular fibrillation

Front 109

Endarterectomy

Back 109

Surgical removal of plaque from the inner layer of an artery

Front 110

Extracorporeal circulation

Back 110

Heart lung machine diverts blood from the heart and lungs while the heart is repaired

Front 111

Heart transplant

Back 111

A donor heart is transferred to recipient

Front 112

Percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI)

Back 112

balloon tipped catheter is inserted into coronary artery to open the artery, stents are put in place

Front 113

Thrombolytic therapy

Back 113

Drugs to dissolve clots are injected into the bloodstream of patients with coronary thrombosis

Front 114

Transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR)

Back 114

Placement of a balloon expandable Aortic heart valve into the body through a catheter