Language Of Comp Vocab 1-3

Front 1

audience

Back 1

the listener, viewer, or reader of a text

Front 2

concession

Back 2

acknowledgment that an opposing argument may be true or reasonable: often accompanied by refutation challenging the validity of the argument

Front 3

connotation

Back 3

meaning or association with a word beyond dictionary definition

Front 4

context

Back 4

circumstances, atmosphere, attitudes and events surrounding the text

Front 5

counterarguement

Back 5

opposing argument to the writer's

Front 6

ethos

Back 6

character, establishes credibility

Front 7

logos

Back 7

embodied thought, uses reason to offer clear, rational ideas through examples, facts, statistics

Front 8

occasion

Back 8

time and place of a speech or a piece

Front 9

pathos

Back 9

suffering or experience, emotionally motivates audience

Front 10

persona

Back 10

mask, face speaker shows to audience

Front 11

polemic

Back 11

hostile, establishes superiority of one opinion, do not concede opposing opinions have any merit

Front 12

propaganda

Back 12

spread of ideas and information to further a cause

Front 13

purpose

Back 13

goal speaker wants to achieve

Front 14

refutation

Back 14

denial of validity of an opposing argument

Front 15

rhetoric

Back 15

finding ways to persuade an audience

Front 16

rhetorical appeals

Back 16

techniques to persuade by emphasizing important things like pathos, ethos, logos

Front 17

rehtorical triangle

Back 17

diagram illustrating interrelationship among speaker, audience, and subject

Front 18

SOAPS

Back 18

Subject, Occasion, Audience, Purpose, Speaker

Front 19

speaker

Back 19

person who creates a text

Front 20

subject

Back 20

topic of a text, what it is about

Front 21

text

Back 21

any cultural product that can be read and investigated including writing, political cartoons, photography

Front 22

alliteration

Back 22

repetition of the same letter at the beginning of several words

Front 23

allusion

Back 23

brief reference to a person, event, or place

Front 24

anaphora

Back 24

repetition of a word or phrase at the beginning of successive phrases, clauses, or lines

Front 25

antimetabole

Back 25

repetition of words in reverse order

Front 26

antithesis

Back 26

opposition or contrast of ideas or words in a parallel construction

Front 27

asyndeton

Back 27

ommission of conjunctions between coordinate phrase, clauses, or words

Front 28

cumulative sentence

Back 28

sentence that completes the main idea at the beginning and then build and adds on

Front 29

horative sentence

Back 29

sentence that exhorts, urges, enreats, implores, or calls to action

Front 30

imperative sentence

Back 30

sentence used to command or enjoin

Front 31

inversion

Back 31

inverted order of words in a sentence

Front 32

juxtaposition

Back 32

placement of two things closely together to emphasize similarities or differences

Front 33

metaphor

Back 33

compares two things without like or as

Front 34

oxymoron

Back 34

paradoxical juxtaposition of words that seem to contradict each other

Front 35

parallelism

Back 35

similarity of structure in a pair or series of related words, phrases, or clauses

Front 36

periodic sentence

Back 36

sentence whose main clause is withheld until the end

Front 37

personificiation

Back 37

attribution of a lifelike quality to an inanimate object

Front 38

rhetorical question

Back 38

figure of speech in the form of a question posed for the rehtorical effect instead of an answer

Front 39

synedoche

Back 39

figure of speech using a part to repressent the whole

Front 40

zeugma

Back 40

use of two different words in a grammatically similar way that they produce different, often incongruous, meanings

Front 41

ad hominem

Back 41

fallacy attacking the speaker instead of the subject

Front 42

ad populum

bandwagon appeal

Back 42

fallacy of "everyone else is doing it"

Front 43

appeal to false authority

Back 43

using someone who has no expertise as an authoritative figure

Front 44

argument

Back 44

process of reasoned inquiry

Front 45

(assumption)

warrant

Back 45

expresses the assumption necessarily shared by the speaker and the audience

Front 46

backing

Back 46

further assurances or data without which the assumption lacks authority

Front 47

begging the question

Back 47

fallacy based on evidence that is in doubt

Front 48

circular reasoning

Back 48

fallacy in which the writer repeats the claim to prove evidence

Front 49

claim

Back 49

assertion, proposition, has to be arguable

Front 50

claim of fact

Back 50

asserts something is true or not true

Front 51

claim of policty

Back 51

proposes a change

Front 52

claim of value

Back 52

argues that something is good/bad, right/wrong

Front 53

classical oration

Back 53

introduction - introduces topic

narration - gives the facts

confirmation - includes proof to make author's case

refutation - addresses counterargument

conclusion - gives satisfying close

Front 54

closed thesis

Back 54

statement of main idea of argument previewing major points intended by author

Front 55

deduction

Back 55

logical process trying to reach a conclusion by starting with a major premise and applying it to a specific minor premise

Front 56

false dilemma (either/or)

Back 56

fallacy where speaker presents two extreme choices as the only possibilities

Front 57

faulty analogy

Back 57

compares two things that aren't comparable

Front 58

first-hand evidence

Back 58

based on something the writer knows from personal experience or general knowledge

Front 59

hasty generalization

Back 59

a faulty conclusion is reached by inadequate evidence

Front 60

induction

Back 60

logical process where using specific cases to draw a solution

Front 61

logical fallacy

Back 61

potential vulnerabilities to an argument

Front 62

open thesis

Back 62

does not list all points intended to cover in an essay

Front 63

post hoc ergo propter hoc

Back 63

correlation does not imply causation - just because these things happened doesn't mean they caused each other to happen

Front 64

qualifier

Back 64

tempers the claim to make it less absolute

Front 65

quantitative evidence

Back 65

includes things that can be counted, cited, or measured in numbers (statistics)

Front 66

rebuttal

Back 66

gives voice to possible objections

Front 67

reservation

Back 67

explains terms and conditions necessitated by the qualifier

Front 68

Rogerian arguments

Back 68

based on assumption that having a full understanding of opposing position is essential to respond persuasively

Front 69

second-hand evidence

Back 69

evidecne accesed through research, reading, and investigation

Front 70

straw man

Back 70

speaker chooses deliberately poor or simplified example to ridicule an idea

Front 71

syllogism

Back 71

uses major and minor prmeise to reach a necessary conclusion

Front 72

Toulmin model

Back 72

approach to analyzing and constructing arguments