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91 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Language sample
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important part of language assessment, used to make a repersentative portion of child's speech for analysis, spontaneous informal conv., on audio/videotape
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consider obtain representitive sample
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comfy setting, time to get used to conv. partener/familiar partner(parent), interesting/familiar material, age appropriate/culturally relevant, few direct?, listen carefully.
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utterance
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complete thought that is divided from other utterances by sentence boundaries, pauses and/ or a drop in voice.
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What to note in transcription
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lingu. behave child, ling behave of partner, nonling behave/context, all false starts, nonfluencies and fillers, use of phonetic trans for mispronounced/unintell. words, which utter are paritally intell/unintell.
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Analysis at utterance level includes
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MLU, Morphologic analyss, syntactic analysis, content, use, phonological analysis.
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Syntactic analysis utterance level
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For anlysis @ utterance level Noun pharse, verb phrase, sentence type, and embedding and conjoining.
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Content utterance level
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For analysis @ utterance level: lexical items, type token ratio, word relationships, semantic categories, figurative language, word finding
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Use utterance level
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For analysis @ utterance level distruptions and public speaking functions and intentions.
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MLU
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up to avg. 4 MLU considers useful measure of lang. complex. rules for assigning morephemes, diasgreement on MLU 50 v. 100 utterances , must be cont. conversation
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MLU must not contain
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More than 20% imitations, freq. self repetitions, more than 30-40% answers to question, memorized routines, losts of conjoined clauses, unintell. utterances
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TTR
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type token ratio, ratio of number of diff. words to number of words, # of words correlated w/ age and semantic diversity,
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TTR low values
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low values may indicate word retrieval probs or limit vocab. Below .42 use same words repeatedly.
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Method of testing lang consider child
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Child's age, starting point, may start 1 year below age, basal and ceiling
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Basal
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where the child starts for testing the point at which child has a seq of three items correct.
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Ceiling
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the top end of testing the point at which the child has a seq of seven items incorrect.
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what to consider when assessing
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environment, who's present, handling test, methos of presentation, givng cues to answers, break time, and culture sensitivity.
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Raw score
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not based on anything converted to a standard score, to a scale more widely used base on idea of a normal dist. # of items correct/omitted.
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Results and interpretation-confidence bands
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Confidence bands-indicate how confident you can be that the child's true score lies w/ the range of score reported
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how to ID child w/ lang disorder
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Criteria vary among schools, agencies and programs, some may be 1 SD below and other 1.5-2.0, need to look at all info including lang. sample
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Why assess lang.
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lang. prob?, weakness and strength in lang, id possible causes, make recommendations
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When do assess lang
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eval qualify child for srvc, differential assess, baseline data, eval of progress
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Types language assessment
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formal assessment/informal assessment
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Formal assessment
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standarized / non standardized test of lang.
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informal assessment
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lang. sampling, observe spontaneous lang. performance
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consideration diagnostic process of lang. assess
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area of concern, case history/interview, develop hypothesis/?s, plan diag, assessment, analyzing results, report and meet w/ family
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Assessment of lang. ways
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observation, formal testing, conversation lang. sampling
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Plan diagnostic process
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test, procedures, time
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Psychometric testing/ standardized test important
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Normed child tested, provide empirical observ of part. skills, use contrived test for lang, allow scored from diff child be compared, allow scares to be compared to what is expected for child at age.
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Other type of test Non standardized
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criterion reference tests, developmental scales/ordinal scales, checklists
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what is Considered selecting a test
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validity and reliabilty
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validity
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consider in select test: mesure what it claims to meausre content validity, face validity, criterion, construct validity
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content validity
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How well does the test cover a representitive sample of the skills to be assessed. How much learned in past?
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face validity
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How well test items represent what they claim to test.
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criterion
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How effectively a test predicts and individual's behave/abilities in specific situations. How well learn in future?/Special class?
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construct validity
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The degree to which the test measures a theoretical construct/trait. describe cognition.
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Analyzing and interpreting data
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Test scores, interpreting data
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Test scores Analyzing and interpreting data
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percentile scores, standard scores
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Interpreting data Analyzing and interpreting data
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limitations of standard test, using tests normed on other pop. meaing of scores v. test info.
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Intervention
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Direct, indirect, individual, group
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consideration whether or not intervene
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developmental v. non, disovering principles: rules and regularities, reducing lang. complexity, comp. v. prod. select lang. goals/outcomes make funct. child charac. and motivation
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Intervention methods
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milieu teaching, joint action routines, inductive teaching.
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incidental teaching
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child determines activity/ topic, activity last as long as child is interested, adult uses varitey of facilitation tech.
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Mand Model
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adlt directs child attn to object/act, requests response, child give response,adult reinforce and gives oject/allow activity to cont. Incorrect response-model target/elicit another way.
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Milieu Teaching
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method of intervention incidental, mand model, delay.
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delay
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part of milieu teaching:child wants oject out of reach, adult pauses 10-15 sec wait for app. response, adult provides model/other elicitation tech. if child does not respond, must use carefully to avoid frustration
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Joint action routines
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creat socially interactive events, focus on themes/topics, predictable lang./behave, child becomes familiar w/ routine focus more on lang. slow increase complexity of lang.
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inductive teaching/constrastive drill
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structure and adult centered, adult manipulates the interactions using many contrasing forms so child can induce ling rules, child asks to repeat/label
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Strategies to enhance childs's lang. learning
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adult input, slow, pause, simplfy speech, vary intonation, repeat, self talk, paralell talk, imitation, expansion
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service delivery models
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intervention in class, traditonal pull out model, consultative, collaborative, home based srvcs, hospital clinic.
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Percentile scores
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percent of individuals in the standard sample for an age level who scored below a perdetermined raw score
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standard score
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the actual correct and incorrect items
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realiablity
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the consistency of a test in measuring what it claims to meausre in the same ind. reexamination
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test retest realiability
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evaluate the reliability of a test by having the same child take the same test on two separate occasions within six months to compare results
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alternate form reliability
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evaluating the reliability of a test by having the child take two diff. forms of the same test.
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Criterion ref. tests
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Nonstandard test used to study a lang. construct in a more depth than is normally assoc. w/ stand. tests Provide know. about consist. of kids prob and context
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Checklists
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behaviors are arrange in develp. order and dependent on each other in hierarchy. Receptive Exmpressive, early comm. checklist, macarthur comm. develop inventory
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Ordinal scales
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focus on the presymbolic level the stage of comm. preceds use of gestures, words and actions.
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Simple sentence
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Bob and Sue went to the store. no transition words
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compound sentence
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Bob went to the store, and Sue went to the office.
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complex sentence
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These sentences use subordinators Because the problem proved difficult, they decided to form a committee. because, which, that, while, where
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declarative
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states an idea. It does not give a command or request, nor does it ask a question.
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negative sentence
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Not, no, never etc. within sentence.
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interrogative
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a question
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passive sentence
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The test will be completed by me.
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object clause
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I hope that you are ready. answering the questions "who(m)?" or "what?"
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Adverbial clause
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"where?", "why?", "with what goal/result?", and "under what conditions?". I went to school because I didn't want to go to work.
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relative clause
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answering questions like "which?" or "what kind of?" I saw the movie that you liked.
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14 grammatical morphemes
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-ing,possesive s, plural s, regular past, irregular past, reg. third person, irreg. third person, uncontract. copula, contract. copula, uncontract aux, contract aux,in, on, and articles
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Early I sent.
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MLU 1-1.5 agent+action, action+object, single no, rising intonation, single WH, naming
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Late I sent.
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1.5-2 sub+v.+obj., whatzat, use of and embedding in/on
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EarlyII sent
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2-2.25 sub+cop/cop+compliment (this is fun)
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Late II sent
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2.25-2.5 WH+S+V (where are my shoes?) begin of interog. reversal (where is it?)
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Early III sent
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2.5-2.75 S+aux+v+obj. He will go home, S+neg+v no throw ball, but, so, or, if
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Late III sent
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2.75-3 S+aux+cop+DO Mooma is getting the blanket, won't appears, Do, can appear in ?s. inv of sub and aux. Do you like it?
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Early IV sent.
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3-3.5 S+aux+neg+v (she is not going) Wh adding when how, because, embedding WH
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Late IV sent
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3.5-3.75 S+aux+aux+v+obj. Mom has been washing our clothes, isn't, aren't, doesn't didn't
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V sent
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3.75-4.5 S+aux+v+IO+DO dad is throwing ball to me, couldn't shouldn't
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Post V sent
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MLU 4.5> indefinite forms nobody, noone, nothing, none, neg questions
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dialogic reading
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asking "what" questions, asking open-ended questions, and expanding upon what the child says - which are designed to teach vocabulary and encourage children to tell more complete descriptions of what they see.
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emergent literacy
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children's oral language development and their initial, often unconventional attempts at reading (usually based on pictures) and writing (at first, scribbling) children's early unconventional attempts at reading and writing are beginnings of literacy.
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Receptive Expressive Emeregent Lang. scale
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checklist used to guide the interview of parent's about their child's sppec and lang. capabilities
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Vineland social emotional early childhood sacle
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clinician checks off behave id by primary caregiver as typical of child's comm behave.
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symbolic play assess for preschoold children
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play make belive to determine child's level of symbolic ability. for metalinguistic and paralinguistic develop.
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early comm checklist
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assist nurses to id early lang. issues
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macarthur comm develop inventories
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words and gestures/words and sentence 8-16 months/16-30 months.
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ordianal scales of develop assesses
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1visual pursuit and permanence of obj. 2means to an end, 3a vocal imitation, 3b gesture imitation, 4 operational causality,5 spatial relations, 6 schemes for relating to obj.
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I morphemes
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free morphemes 1-2
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II morphemes
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ing,in,on,plural s 2-2.5
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III morphemes
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2.5-3 irreg past, possessive s, uncontractible cop.
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IV morphemes
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3-3.75 articles, reg past, third person present singular
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V morphemes
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3.75-4.5 thrid person irreg,uncontract. aux verb, contract cop, contract aux.
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