3. Language Development

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Language Development

Back 1

- it's a complex process that interfaces with every aspect of child's development
- through native rules and symbols (grammar and words) that a child constructs cognitive and emotional meaning
- parents play an active role in development of child's language
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Vygotsky: Language Shapes Thought

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- Vygotsky theorized that thought development is determined by language
- process can't progress without interrelation of thought and language
- children practice private speech to become more competent

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Private Speech

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(Vygotsky)
- children practice it to become more competent
- helps children self- regulate through organizing, guiding, and controlling their behavior

Front 4

Chomsky and Language Acquisition

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- states language learning is innate
- Chomsky believes children are prewired to learn language
- he believes infants have language acquisition device (LAD) built in neurologically so that they can intuitively understand grammar
- he suggested there is a critical period when children find it easy to acquire language

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Language Development Milestones
Infant

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(0-12 mo)
- early vocalizations are spontaneous sounds of cooing (vowels) or crying
- babbling (phonemes) begin with sounds more like patterned speech with consonant- vowel strings "da-da-da"

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Language Development Milestones
Toddler
1 yr (12-18 mo)

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- first words are spoken, usually familiar objects or people
- simple monosyllabic words are used
"momma" or "bye- bye"

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Language Development Milestones
Toddler
(18-24 mo)

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- first sentences (2 words) are spoken
- toddler can understand grammatical relationships, but can't express them
- toddler uses articles (the, a), prepositions (on, in), conjunctions (and, but), and the verb "to be" (am, are, is)

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Language Development Milestones
Early Childhood
(3-4 ys)

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- learns about 8-9 words each day
- aver vocabulary is 1,000 words
- can talk about things not present
- uses plural and possessive forms of nouns (cats and cat's)
- adds "-ing" to verbs and knows more than one adjective can apply to same noun (boy is tall and thin)
- starts private speech

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Language Development Milestones
Early Childhood
(5-7 yrs)

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- asks "why" questions
- can understand metaphor
- can use 4-5 word declarative sentences (i am not sleepy) or interrogative speech (why can't i go) and imperative sentences (turn off the tv)
- use conjunctions, prepositions, articles regularly, understands syntax
- child makes over- regularizations of verbs (she singed a song)
- vocab is 2500 words at 6 yrs, but child speaks 8000-1400 words
- speech is more adult-like

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Educational Implications of Language Development

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1. teachers must be aware that the process of language development is multifaceted, including physical sounds, cognitive thought, social interaction
2. teachers should recognize that language cognitively, linguistically, emotionally begin at home.
3. teachers should recognize child will acquire use of english even when native language is only one spoken at home
4. teachers should support appropriate private speech to help children self- regulate and access higher level of functioning

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parents and child's language development

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- they play active role in teaching language to children.
- they teach language through infant- directed speech, recasting, echoing, expanding, labeling