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37 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is covered by the term "Pragmatics?"
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Communicative Intent
Code Switching Social Conversation Rules Discourse competence Making intent clear to listener and comprehending speaker's intent |
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What is communicative intent?
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requesting, informing, etc. how to use and decode facial expressions, gestures, and tone of voice. Can alter sentence intent through gesture/tone.
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What is code switching?
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Happens automatically; address formality of situation and switch language to meet it (e.g. motherese to child, vs. formal SE to boss)
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What are social conversation rules?
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turn taking, conversational repair, use of nonverbal communication, ability to read how another person is understanding you, etc.
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What is discourse competence?
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language use beyond sentences
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What are the stages of social skill development?
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within first few weeks - reciprocal social smile
before age 1 - joint attention (introduction of the concept of a topic) babies read physical intentions of others before they read verbal intentions leads to manipulation of social environment through verbal/nonverbal language (e.g. fake crying) comprehension of social knowledge precedes production of social behavior (not an innate skill) |
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What are the components of pragmatic input?
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verbal language (semantics & syntax)
prosody: melody, rhythm, timing, intensity, pitch facial expressions body position gestures requires audio-visual integration |
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What are the rules of discourse?
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have to take turns
have to know how to introduce, maintain, and end a topic have to have enough ToM to know what other person is thinking have to introduce a relevant topic in socially appropriate way have to have knowledge of audience cohesion & coherence |
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What is coherence?
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has to make sense across sentences; sentences topically connect to each other
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What is cohesion?
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sentences are structurally connected to each other (e.g. pronoun reference)
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What is the significance of prosody?
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transmits affect
used for semantic emphasis (stress) as in "I don't want the red one, I want the BLUE one." grammatical marking (oral punctuation): is sentence continuing or is there a period? lexical stress (HOT dog v. hot DOG; PROtest v. proTEST) even with nonsense words, you can pick out which are nouns and which are verbs based on the rhythm |
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Describe the PEPS-C.
Profiling Elements of Prosodic Systems in Children |
assesses a child's prosody
what can and can't they interpret? |
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What is the significance of prosody?
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transmits affect
used for semantic emphasis (stress) as in "I don't want the red one, I want the BLUE one." grammatical marking (oral punctuation): is sentence continuing or is there a period? lexical stress (HOT dog v. hot DOG; PROtest v. proTEST) even with nonsense words, you can pick out which are nouns and which are verbs based on the rhythm |
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Describe the PEPS-C.
Profiling Elements of Prosodic Systems in Children |
assesses a child's prosody
what can and can't they interpret? uses a standardized, computerized voice looks at: grammatical prosody affect (like v. dislike) chunking (chocolate biscuits and jam) focus (contrastive stress) * based only on single words |
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What is the significance of facial expressions?
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signal communicative motivation and affect
older children respond to parental facial expressions to interpret language |
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What must we keep in mind with regard to body position?
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rules about personal space are very culturally specific
rules about eye contact how to enter a group developmental trajectory for all of these skills intuitive, but not innate lots of variability |
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What are the 4 steps of communication according to Michelle Garcia Winner?
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1. Think about the people you want to talk to.
2. Establish and maintain physical presence. 3. Establish and maintain "thinking with your eyes" 4. Use language to relate to others |
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What are the 4 steps of perspective taking according to Michelle Garcia Winner?
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1. I have a thought about you.
2. I wonder why you are near me, what is your motive? 3. I'm thinking about what you're thinking about me 4. I monitor and possibly modify my behavior to keep you thinking about me the way I want you to think about me |
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What are some pragmatic compensatory strategies for life?
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Social stories (Carol Grey)
Power cards (abbreviated social stories for older kids "superpowers") Speak and Flush Mask behavior instead of stopping it (pretend dryer sheets are tissues) |
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What are parts of successful communication?
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Conversational Frame
Communication Content Interaction |
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What are the components of the conversational frame?
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opening
topic initiation topic maintenance topic expansion topic change closing |
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What are components of communication?
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expressive and receptive language
nonverbal components conceptual base |
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What are components of content?
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intentions
perspective taking topic selection changing styles new v. given info cooperative principles |
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What are components of interaction?
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attention-getting
turn taking clarifying feedback repair strategies signaling transitions |
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Describe the Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scale.
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not made for pragmatics; assesses functional skill level
what level of independence a person can have normed for birth through 100 years measure of personal and social skills assesses activities of daily living provides data for education and treatment plans to help design IEP goals parent/caregiver interview through guided conversation also a classroom edition for teachers |
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Describe the Test of Pragmatic Language (TOPL-2)
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tests language based social interaction skills
school age 6-17 years standard flip chart pragmatic items test metalinguistic skills assesses metapragmatic skills "why did she say it that way?" "what would you say in this situation? why?" |
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Describe Oral and Written Language Scales (OWLS).
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not specifically made for pragmatics
for 5 through 21 year olds designed to measure use of conventions, syntactic forms, meaningful communication good for overall assessment but won't tell you where deficit is looks at pragmatics as integral part of language |
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What are the 4 steps of perspective taking according to Michelle Garcia Winner?
|
1. I have a thought about you.
2. I wonder why you are near me, what is your motive? 3. I'm thinking about what you're thinking about me 4. I monitor and possibly modify my behavior to keep you thinking about me the way I want you to think about me |
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What are some pragmatic compensatory strategies for life?
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Social stories (Carol Grey)
Power cards (abbreviated social stories for older kids "superpowers") Speak and Flush Mask behavior instead of stopping it (pretend dryer sheets are tissues) |
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What are parts of successful communication?
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Conversational Frame
Communication Content Interaction |
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What are the components of the conversational frame?
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opening
topic initiation topic maintenance topic expansion topic change closing |
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What are components of communication?
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expressive and receptive language
nonverbal components conceptual base |
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What are components of content?
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intentions
perspective taking topic selection changing styles new v. given info cooperative principles |
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What are components of interaction?
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attention-getting
turn taking clarifying feedback repair strategies signaling transitions |
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Describe the Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scale.
|
not made for pragmatics; assesses functional skill level
what level of independence a person can have normed for birth through 100 years measure of personal and social skills assesses activities of daily living provides data for education and treatment plans to help design IEP goals parent/caregiver interview through guided conversation also a classroom edition for teachers |
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Describe the Test of Pragmatic Language (TOPL-2)
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tests language based social interaction skills
school age 6-17 years standard flip chart pragmatic items test metalinguistic skills assesses metapragmatic skills "why did she say it that way?" "what would you say in this situation? why?" |
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Describe Oral and Written Language Scales (OWLS).
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not specifically made for pragmatics
for 5 through 21 year olds designed to measure use of conventions, syntactic forms, meaningful communication good for overall assessment but won't tell you where deficit is looks at pragmatics as integral part of language |
