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16 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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PHONEMES
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Phonological development
Learning sound system of a language |
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MORPHEMES
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Semantic development
Learning about expressing meaning |
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SYNTAX
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Syntactic development
Learning rules for combining words |
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PRAGMATIC KNOWLEDGE
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Can be cultural rules like when to use the informal 'tu' or the formal 'usted' in Spanish.
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METALINGUISTIC KNOWLEDGE
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Knowing the properties of language
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APES HAVE _______ COMPREHENSION AND _______ PRODUCTION
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Good comprehension
Poor production |
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FOUR AREAS OF BRAIN NEEDED FOR LANGUAGE
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Motor cortex
Auditory cortex Broca's area (speech production) Wernicke's area (speech sense) |
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CRITICAL PERIOD
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Faster acquisition prior to 5 years of age
"Wild children" like genie did not learn fundamentals int his period, very difficult after this point Learning second languages easiest in this period |
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INFANT SPEECH PERCEPTION BEGINS IN WOMB
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Categorical perception experiment shows NBs can discriminate "ba" and "pa"
Preferential sucking paradigms show NBs prefer own language over foreign ones |
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JANET WERKER - BA DA STUDY
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Two sounds in Hindi - adult English speakers cannot discriminate
Using conditioned head turn procedure, found that English 6-8mth could tell the difference but 12mth could not |
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FOUNDATIONS OF SPEECH PRODUCTION
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Babbling (6-10mth), also done by signing infants
Gesture - used before/during talking |
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FOUR WAYS CHILDREN LEARN WORDS
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Other people
Contrast Fast mapping Social pragmatics |
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OTHER PEOPLE (CHILDREN LEARNING WORDS)
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Infant directed talk
Label games 30-50% of new words heard when looking at something else - what happens then? |
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CONTRAST (CHILDREN LEARNING WORDS)
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Assume a given entity has only one name
Learns new word by contrasting it with familiar word |
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FAST MAPPING (CHILDREN LEARNING WORDS)
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Learning referent of new word after only a very brief experience with the word/object
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SOCIAL PRAGMATICS
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Children pay attention to social cues from others
Useful in ambiguous situations Dare Baldwin's study on the use of speaker's gaze |
