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38 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Arable Land |
Farmable -anything over 3% slope in the US is considered not farmable -30% of Earth's land is classified as arable, but only 10% of earth's surface is now being used for intensive food production |
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3 most important determinants of the location of agricultural resources |
Sunshine Water Soil |
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United Nations estimates the globe can feed how many people |
22 billion |
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What is the problem with overpopulation and starvation |
Uneven Distribution Environmental issues War Delivery Systems Politics Land Ownership Resources |
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Why the environment affects starvation |
not enough water, thin, infertile soils, overtaxed soils, too hot, too cold -weather catastrophes |
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war |
-historically food was often used as a "weapon" areas of conflict almost always produce malnutrition of famine ex: Afghanistan |
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Delivery Systems |
-inefficiencies Abound -Chaotic -Remote nature of many locales -lands in wrong hands -Slow Ex: in Niger food arrived at the same time thatt country had bumper crop |
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Politics |
North Korea : command economy -Refusal or limited acceptance of international aid -focus on military machines |
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Land Ownership |
-Unequal access to means of production -Mexican Revolution :ejidos -Taiwan, Zimbabwe South America : %1 in hands of the people |
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what percent of agricultural production is done by women in sub saharan Africa |
%80 |
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Nonrenewable Resources |
Oil, Coal, Natural Gas |
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what two regions contain 2/3 of proven gas reserves |
Russia and Middle East |
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Oil Shale and Tar Sands |
enormous reserves: U.S., Brazil, Russia, China, Australia, Canada (biggest) |
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what country has the largest oil shale and tar sand reserves |
Canada |
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Nonrenewable (Oil) |
-flows by water, pipelines -OPEC -difficult to estimate oil supply; consttantly revised -New reserves located; countries maintain secrecy about size of reserves -"40 years worth" |
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Nonrenewable (Coal) |
-great supply; measured in centuries -electricity and to make steel -not easy to transport; as rule usually consumed in general vicinity of mines |
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Where are the most extensive coal deposits |
middle latitudes of Northern Hemisphere |
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What two countries dominate world coal production |
China and U.S. (1/2 of the coal produced in the world) |
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What are the 3 different Qualities of Coal |
Ranges in quality from Lignite to bituminous to anthracite |
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Anthracite |
cleanest burning, found in PA |
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Bituminous |
greatest supply |
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Lignite |
least usable -found out west/Wyoming |
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Surface Mining |
Mountain top removal |
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Shaft mining |
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Environmental impact of Coal and Mining |
Acid Rain |
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Natural Gas |
-called nearly perfect energy source -burns cleanly and has the least environmental impact -used for industrial and residential heating -transported by pipeline, not easy to move internationally |
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What precentage of the U.S. energy supply is natural gas |
%25 |
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Where are most of the US gas fields located |
TX, LA, Kansas-OK-NEB |
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Dificulties with natural gas |
transported by pipeline and it is not easy to move internationally -flammable, difficult to liquefy -pipelines are eroding quickly |
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Renewable Resources |
Wood, Corn/Ethanol, Water, Solar, Geothermal, Wind, Hydrogen, Nuclear |
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Wood |
-used more often in LDC -takes awhile to renew |
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Water |
-hydropower: controversy about damning up streams ex: Yangtze: 3 rivers dam, displaced 2 million ppl -Powers local areas, expensive to transport |
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Yangzte River |
3 rivers dam -ancient areas of China, losing artifacts -built on a fault line -Positive: will provide %40 of southeastern China's power |
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Solar |
-used to heat water in some places |
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geothermal |
-place specific -natural heat from the earth |
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What is the downfall of geothermal energy |
-needs area with lots of tectonic activity -place specific Ex: Iceland uses close to 70% |
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Wind |
Place specific: needs to have sustained 40 mph winds - NIMBY (not in my backyard) |
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Nuclear |
the materials needed, expensive to operate, scares of radiation, waste -(have to replace reactors about every 30 years) |
