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49 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
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By which method of action does Barbiturates, Chloral hydrate and Benzodiazepines cause hypnosis and sedation?
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a. antagonism of NMDA receptors
b. non-competitive activation of Glutamate c. direct activation of alpha 2-adrenoceptors d. interaction with γ –aminobutyric acid (GABA) |
d. interaction with γ –aminobutyric acid (GABA)
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Which of the following is an inhibitory neurotransmitter?
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a. Glycine
b. Norepimephrine c. Glutamate d. Dopamine e. Serotonin |
a. Glycine
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Which drug does NOT directly activate GABA A receptors but enhances the receptor for GABA?
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a. Midazolam
b. Methohexital c. Etomidate d. Inactin (EMTU ethyl-1-methylpropyl malonyl-thiourea) |
a. Midazolam
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What is the location of the GABA alpha 2 subunit associated with the anxiolysis action of benzodiazepines?
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a. Cerebral cortex
b. Cerebellar cortex c. Limbic system d. Thalamus |
c. Limbic system
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Which of the GABA agonists can produce sedation and hypnosis but not a true general anesthetic state unless combined with additional hypnotics?
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a. Chloral hydrate
b. Diazepam c. Alphaxalone d. Propofol |
b. Diazepam
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Which of the following class of drugs are generally considered poor analgesics?
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a. GABA agonists
B. NMDA antagonists C. Alpha2 adrenoceptor agonists D. Ethly ester of carbamic acid |
a. GABA agonists
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What effect would be expected if a rat were anesthetized with Nebutal (pentobarbital) after treatment with chloramphenicol?
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a. failure to become anesthetized
b. shorter duration of anesthesia c. longer duration of anesthesia d. no effect on anesthesia |
c. longer duration of anesthesia (supression of hepatic microsomal enzyme function)
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What effect would be expected if glucose were administered to an animal recovering from barbiturate anesthesia?
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a. faster recovery
b. re-anesthetization c. increased susceptibility to hepatic lipidosis d. no effect on anesthesia |
b. re-anesthetization
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Which of the following drugs has been associated with pathologic changes following IP administration?
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a. chloral hydrate
b. chloralose c. urethane d. tribromoethanol e. all of the above |
e. all of the above
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How does aspirin or phenylbutazone enhance the effect of thiobarbiturates?
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a. supression of hepatic microsomal enzymes
b. induction of cytochrome P450 enzyme c. stimulation of alkalosis d. displacement from protein binding |
d. displacement from protein binding
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Which type of drug causes ventricular bigeminy as a result of autonomic imbalance between the parasympathetic and sympathetic efferent activity?
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a. Etomidate
b. Thiamylal c. Diazepam d. Alpha-chloralose |
b. Thiamylal
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Which drug is know to produce second degree atrioventricular block in dogs?
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a. Etomidate
b. Alphaxalone c. Xylazine d. Alpha-chloralose |
c. xylazine
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What effect does thiopental have on the cardioprotective effects of ischemic preconditioning?
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a. no effect on cardioprotective ischemic preconditioning
b. decreases cardioprotective ischemic preconditioning c. induces cardioprotective ischemic preconditioning d. completely blocks cardioprotective ischemic preconditioning |
a. no effect on ischemic preconditioning
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Which GABA agonist is considered to be ineffective in rabbits because the effective dose and dose which causes respiratory arrest are close?
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a. Inactin (thiobutabarbital)
b. Propofol c. Diazepam d. Ketamine |
a. inactin (thiobutabarbital)
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Which GABA agonist inhibits adrenal steroidogenisis?
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a. Ketamine
b. Thiopental c. Propofol d. Etomidate |
d. etomidate
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What change does Pentobarbital have on the ischemic preconditioning like cardioprotective effects of inhalational anesthetics?
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a. no change on cardioprotective ischemic preconditioning
b. inhibits the cardioprotective ischemic preconditioning c. induces the cardioprotective ischemic preconditioning d. enhances the cardioprotective ischemic preconditioning |
b. inhibits the cardioprotective ischemic preconditioning
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Which of the following drugs would most likely decrease the hypnotic effect of Pentobarbital in rats?
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a. pregnenolone sulfate
b. phenylbutazone c. doxycycline d. chloramphenicol e. sulfonamides |
a. pregnenolone sulfate
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In which species should barbiturates be used with caution because of a narrow therapeutic window?
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a. mice
b. rats c. hamsters d. dogs |
c. hamster
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Which of the following drugs is a barbiturate specific antagonists?
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a. naloxone
b. metaphit c. idazoxan d. Flumazenil e. none of the above |
a-opioid antagonist
b-cyclohexamine effect antagonist c-Alpha2-Adrenoceptor antagonist d-benzodiazepine antagonists Answer- none of the above! |
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What is the DEA schedule for pentobarbital?
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a. I
b. II c. III d. IV |
b. II
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Which of the following drugs is listed in schedule IV by the DEA
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a. Thiamylal
b. Ketamine c. Sufentanil d. Chloral hydrate e. Buprenorphine |
d. chloral hydrate
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Which drug is metabolized in the liver to the active metabolite trichloroethanol, which accounts for most of the hypnotic effect?
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a. Chloral hydrate
b. Tribromoethanol (Avertin) c. ethylmalonyl urea (Inactin) d. Urethane |
a. chloral hydrate
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Which sedative hypnotic drug has been associated with adynamic ileus with IP administration in the rat?
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a. Chloral hydrate
b. Tribromoethanol (Avertin) c. ethylmalonyl urea (Inactin) d. Pentobarbital |
a chlorol hydrate
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Which GABA agonist produces extended anesthesia (8-10 hrs), but is a poor analgesic and is not considered suitable for survival procedures?
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a. Chloral hydrate
b. Tribromoethanol (Avertin) c. ethylmalonyl urea (Inactin) d. α Chloralose |
d. α Chloralose
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Which hypnotic agent is a imidazole compound (which includes ketaconazole), usually combined with an opioid to provide surgical anesthesia with cardiovascular stability?
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a. alphaxalone
b. etomidate c. ketamine d. xylazine |
b. etomidate
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What component of propofol is most likely the cause of the histamine reaction in dogs?
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a. the glucuronic acid metabolite
b. the oil used as a solubilizing agent (Cremophor) c. bacterial growth in the soybean emulsion d. degradation of the drug in the presence of oxygen |
b. the oil used as a solubilizing agent (Cremophor)
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Which of the following is a long acting barbiturate usually reserved for procedures requiring > 3hr in the rat?
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a. pentobarbital
b. methohexital c. thiopental d. Inactin |
d. inactin
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Which of the following is a steroid anesthetic which produces rapid onset of short duration and a wide safety margin?
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a. alphaxalone
b. Tribromoethanol (Avertin) c. ethylmalonyl urea (Inactin) d. Urethane |
a. alphaxalone
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What animal is zolazepam known to produce fear, continuous territorial exploration, and a jumping - climbing reaction?
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a. mice
b. rats c. cats d. rabbits |
c. cats
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Which drug is a specific benzodiazepine antagonist?
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a. naloxone
b. metaphit c. idazoxan d. flumazenil |
d. flumazenil
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Which animal has IM ketamine been reported to cause self mutilation?
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a. Hamsters
b. Gerbils c. Guinea pigs d. Rabbits |
c. guinea pig
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Which anesthetic was shown to be nephrotoxic in rabbits?
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a. Propofol
b. Telazol c. Urethane d. Methoxyflurane |
b. telazol
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Which anesthetic has been shown to better protect the ischemic rabbit myocardium from infarction?
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a. pentobarbital
b. propofol c. isoflurane d. ketamine / xylazine |
c. isoflurane
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Which of the following statements about ketamine is NOT correct?
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a. ketamine causes increased myocardial contractility
b. ketamine is not significantly protein bound c. ketamine significantly suppresses respiration d. ketamine raises the threshold to induced seizures in rats and mice |
c. ketamine significantly suppresses respiration is not correct
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What is the DEA schedule for the Synthetic Opioid Agonists - Tramadol?
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a. II
b. III c. IV d. not listed in the DEA drug schedule |
d. not listed in the DEA drug schedule
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What is the location of the adrenoceptors which are activated by medetomidine resulting in sedation / hypnosis?
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a. presynaptic non-noradrenergic neurons in the dorsal horn of the spinal cord
b. alpha1 subunits of GABAA receptor in the cerebral cortex c. alpha 2 subunits of GABAA receptor in the limbic system d. catecholaminergic nucleus of the pons within the brainstem called the locus ceruleus |
d. catecholaminergic nucleus of the pons within the brainstem called the locus ceruleus
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What is the location of the adrenoceptors which are directly activated by medetomidine resulting in analgesia?
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a. presynaptic non-noradrenergic neurons in the dorsal horn of the spinal cord
b. alpha1 subunits of GABAA receptor in the cerebral cortex c. alpha 2 subunits of GABAA receptor in the limbic system d. catecholaminergic nucleus of the pons within the brainstem called the locus ceruleus |
a. presynaptic non-noradrenergic neurons in the dorsal horn of the spinal cord
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Which of the following animals is alpha2-agonists least effective as a sedative / analgesic agent?
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a. cattle
b. swine c. dogs d. horses |
b. swine are very resistant to all
cattle are most sensitive to xylazine |
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What would be the expected effect with increasing the dose of xylazine?
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a. sedation would be prolonged without increasing analgesia
b. both sedation and analgesia would be increased c. sedation time would remain the same with increased analgesia d. increasing the dose results in death since the therapeutic range is narrow |
a. sedation would be prolonged without increasing analgesia
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Which alpha2 adrenoceptor agonist is an imidazole derivative known to inhibit corticosterone and cortisol release in adrenocortical cells?
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a. xylazine
b. medetomidine c. romifidine d. etomidate |
b. medetomidine
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Which alpha2 adrenoceptor agonist is an imidazole derivative known to inhibit corticosterone and cortisol release in adrenocortical cells?
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a. xylazine
b. medetomidine c. romifidine d. etomidate |
b. medetomidine
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What is the active enantiomer of medetomidine which is responsible for its hypnotic analgesic action?
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a. levomedetomidine
b. detomidine c. dexmedetomidine d. etomidate |
c. dexmedetomidine
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Which drug is a Alpha2 adrenoceptor antagonist and known to increase sexual activity in rats and monkeys?
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a. xylazine
b. detomidine c. idazoxan d. atipamezole |
d. atipamezole
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Which drug is a dopaminergic receptor antagonist having a aliphatic side chain responsible for a pronounce sedative effect?
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a. chlorpromazine
b. promazine c. droperidol d. azaperone |
a. chlorpromazine or acepromazine
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Which statement is INCORRECT with respect to the actions of the phenothiazine derivatives?
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a. acepromazine can cause or potentiate seizures
b. phenothiazines can produce hyperglycemia c. acepromazine can decrease platelet function in rats d. phenothiazines can reduce hematocrit by splenic sequestration e. chlorpromazine can cause myositis and paralysis in rabbits |
a. acepromazine can cause or potentiate seizures
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Which butyrophenone drug reverses dominant subordinate relationships and is approved for use in swine to control of fighting?
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a. acepromazine
b. droperidol c. azaperone d. fluanisone |
c. azaperone
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Which drug produces long and stable anesthesia (8-10 hrs) with good analgesia but is not suitable for recovery procedures because it is a carcinogen?
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a. chloralose
b. urethane c. inactin (thiobutabarbital) d. etomidate |
b. urethane
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Which anesthetic is a principal consitituent of clove oil and can illicit a neuromuscular blocking effect in fish?
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a. chloralose
b. urethane c. inactin (thiobutabarbital) d. eugenol |
d.eugenol
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Barbiturates are divided into short acting and ultra-short acting. Of the list below, which barbiturates is not considered an ultra shorting acting agent.
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a. pentobarbital
b. hexobarbital c. thiopental d. thiobarbital |
a. pentobarbital
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