Labs

Front 1

Pulmonary Capillary Wedge Pressure
(PCWP or PAW)

Back 1

8–12 mmHg
It is important to measure PCWP to diagnose the severity of left ventricular failure and to quantify the degree of mitral valve stenosis. Both of these conditions elevate LAP and therefore PCWP

Front 2

Cardiac output (C.O.)

Back 2

4-8 L/min

Front 3

Cardiac index (C.I.)

Back 3

2.5-4 L/min/m2
if decreased, indicates threat to tissue perfusion/oxygenation

Front 4

Central Venous Pressure (CVP)

Back 4

2-6 mmHg
can be monitored w/o PA catheter
Monitors RV function

Front 5

Mean arterial pressure (MAP)

Back 5

70-100 mmHg

Front 6

Saturation of venous oxygen (SvO2)

Back 6

60-75%
rapid response to tissue 02 threats,
the lower the more stress to tissues
higher means tissues arent getting to use the 02

Front 7

Systemic vascular resistance (SVR)

Back 7

800-1400 dynes.sec/cm-5

Front 8

Systemic vascular resistance index
(SVRI)

Back 8

2000-2400 dynes.sec
/cm-5/m2

Front 9

White Blood Cell (WBC)

Back 9

4,000-11,000/µL

Front 10

Hemoglobin (Hgb)

Back 10

12-18 g/dl
O2 in blood cells, 4 hemo:1RBC
dec hgb, dec hct

Front 11

Hematocrit (Hct)

Back 11

38-54 %

Front 12

Platelet Count

Back 12

150,000-400,000/µL

Front 13

Sodium (Na)

Back 13

135-145 mEq/L
maintains: osmotic forces, water balance,
nurimuscular irritability for nerve impulses

Hypo: disorientation, muscle twitching, n/v abdominal cramps, hypotension, tachycardia, cold, clammy skin

Hyper: extreme thirst, dry, sticky mucous membranes, altered metation, seizures

Front 14

Potassium (K)

Back 14

3.5-5.5 mEq/L
PRIMARY job is electrical conduction,
iside the cell

hypo: muscular weakness, cardiac irrgularities, dysrhytmias, abdominal distention, gas, paresthiesias, decreased reflexes

hyper: irritability and restlessness, anxiety, cardiac irregularities, taller t waves, short qt interval, numbness in figertips, weakness

Front 15

Calcium (Ca)

Back 15

8.5-10.5 mg/dl
muscle ctx
keeps nerves calm, sedativ effect
trousseu and chovest signs
they cause spasm when low calcium

hypo: irritability, tetany, muscle cramps, decreased C.O., Decreased contrations, cant coagulate so bleeding,
ECG changes, positive chvosteks/trousseaus sign

hyper: deep bone pain, excess thirst, anorexia, lethargy, weakened muscles

Front 16

Magnesium (Mg)

Back 16

1.5-2.5 mEq/L
used in nerve and heart conduction
decreased when trouble w/ heart

hypo: choroid.athtoid muscle activity
facial tics, spastic, cardiac dysrhytmias

hyper: CNS depression, resp. depression, lethargy, coma, bradycardia, ECG changes

Front 17

Glucose

Back 17

70-100 mg/dl

Front 18

Blood urea nitrogen (BUN)

Back 18

10-30 mg/dl
affected by diet, biproducts of protein metabolism

Front 19

Creatinine (Creat)

Back 19

0.6-1.2 mg/dl
is a break-down product of in muscle, and is usually produced at a fairly constant rate by the body (depending on muscle mass. If kidneys not functioning, level will rise.

Front 20

Albumin

Back 20

3.5-5.0 g/dl
serum protein

Front 21

Creatine kinase (CK)

Back 21

10-105 U/ml
muscle or nerve damage
but not specific,
if elevated ask if hx of trauma seizure

Front 22

Creatine kinase – myocardial band (CK-MB)

Back 22

0-9 U/L
SPECIFIC for heart muscle damage

Front 23

Lactic dehydrogenase (LDH)

Back 23

50-150 U/L
not specific to heart,
found in all cells, elevates when injury

Front 24

Troponin I

Back 24

<2 ng/dl
enzyme in skeletal and cardiac muscle
BEST TO DETECT HEART ATTACK, GOLDEN TO CHECK FOR A HEART ATTACK

Front 25

Alanine aminotransferase (ALT)

Back 25

5-35 IU/L
primarily with the liver, injury increases level

Front 26

Aspiartate aminotransferase (AST)

Back 26

5-40 IU/L
has to do with the heart

Front 27

Prothrombin time (PT)

Back 27

10-14 seconds
measures warfarin antidote is vitamin k

Front 28

Activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT)

Back 28

25-35 seconds
check for Heparin, protamine sulfate is the antidote

Front 29

International normalized ratio (INR)

Back 29

1.0

Front 30

Urine Specific Gravity

Back 30

1.003-1.030
measures density of solutes in relation to water

Front 31

ph

Back 31

7.35-7.45

Front 32

PaO2

Back 32

80- 100 mmHg

Front 33

PaCO2

Back 33

35-45 mmHg

Front 34

HCO3-

Back 34

22-26 mEq/L

Front 35

4-5 hours clamp to clamp

Back 35

heart lung transplant times

Front 36

15-18

Back 36

kidney transplant times

Front 37

12-18

Back 37

livers transplant times

Front 38

12-15

Back 38

pancreas transplant times

Front 39

inhibits cyttotoxic t-cell generation, interferes w inteleukin secretion, cells cant talk. Bad thing decreases response to viral infection (fever, low grade below 101, WBC count normal-slighlty elevated) Viral infections don’t respond to antibiotics just antivirals.
Corticosteroids: anti-inflammatory, watch out for glucose

Back 39

cyclosporine

Front 40

anti-inflammatory, watch out for glucose increases, impair the ability of t-cells to be sensitive to foreign tissue, inhibits production of interleukin, decrease the mobility of macrophages,

Back 40

Corticosteroids:

Front 41

inhibits purine synthesis, need purine to make antibodies,decreases the sysnthesis of nucleic acid (DNA) which stops you from making new cells, particularly on blood components cells, RBC;s anemic, thrombocytopenia, leukopenia.

Back 41

imuran

Front 42

USED WHEN OTHER DRUGS NOT WORKING
Preparations: Primarily used as last effort, animal based antibodies, helps deplete t-cell production, suppresses cytotoxic t-cells as well. Hi risk of allergic reaction, may develop fever, High incidence of developing carcinoma** Used when other drugs not working

Back 42

Antithymocyte

Front 43

Orthoclone (OKT3):
responding. Animal protein type drug, high allergic reaction mainly because animal protein. Used in first two weeks.

Back 43

Orthoclone (OKT3):

Front 44

280-295 m0sm/L

Back 44

normal serum osmolarity

Front 45

number greater than 295, but less than 350

Back 45

DKA osmolarity

Front 46

more than 350

Back 46

hhns osmolaoity

Front 47

2.7-4.5
in the human body include maintaining the pH of body fluids, the cellular osmotic pressure, and the energy transfer system in cells. important component of DNA and RNA.

hypo: hemolytic anemias
depressed White cell fuction
N/V, anorexia

hyper: tachycardia, n/ diarrhea, abd cramps, muscle weakness, flaccid paralysis, increased reflexes

Back 47

phosphorus

Front 48

2.7-4.5
in the human body include maintaining the pH of body fluids, the cellular osmotic pressure, and the energy transfer system in cells. important component of DNA and RNA.

hypo: hemolytic anemias
depressed White cell fuction
N/V, anorexia

hyper: tachycardia, n/ diarrhea, abd cramps, muscle weakness, flaccid paralysis, increased reflexes

Back 48

phosphorus