Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
69 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
4 differences between the rat and other mammals
|
Teeth
Jaw Gall Bladder Reproductive system |
|
|
3 types of body cavity
What is the layer called that touches the organs? The cavity wall? |
Pleura
Pericardium Peritonium Visceral Parietal |
|
|
Where is the thalamus found?
What does it do? How many lobes? |
ON top of the heart
Helps produce t-lymhocytes 2 |
|
|
What are the three tubular structures and 2 sacs that make up the digestive system (in order)
|
Oesophagus
Stomach Small intestine Caecum (part of the) Large intestine |
|
|
What is the lateral portion of the stomach specialised for?
The medial portion? Which portion has glands? |
Food storage
Beginning digestion Medial, pyloric region |
|
|
What controls the flow of Chyme into the small intestine?
|
The Pyloric sphincter
|
|
|
What are the 3 portions of the small intestine?
|
Duodenum
Jejunum Ilium |
|
|
How is the small intestine attached tot he abdominal wall? And what does this contain?
|
Mesentary
Blood vessels for giving/taking nutrient/waste |
|
|
What supplies the small intestines with O2?
|
2 branches of the dorsal aorta
|
|
|
What veins remove the deoxygenated, nutrient filled blood from the small intestine?
|
The Hepatic portal veins
|
|
|
What does the pancreas secrete and to where?
What else does it secrete? |
Alkaline digestive enzymes
Duodenum Endocrine cells |
|
|
Where does the pancreas sit?
|
On the greater curvature of the stomach
|
|
|
What type of hormones does the liver secrete?
|
Endocrine AND exocrine
|
|
|
What and where is bile secreted by the Liver used for?
Where is it stored in humans? |
Absorption of fats and vitamins in the duodenum
Gall bladder |
|
|
How many lobes does the liver have?
|
4
|
|
|
Where does the liver receive blood from?
|
Venous from the gut wall
Oxygenated from the aorta via the hepatic artery |
|
|
What is the main function of the small intestine?
|
To absorb small molecules
|
|
|
What is the main function of the large intestine?
|
To absorb water
|
|
|
What are the 4 parts of the large intestine?
|
Caecum
Colon Rectum Anus |
|
|
What does the caecum contain?
|
Purifying bacteria
|
|
|
What are the 3 parts of the colon (and where they are found)?
|
Ascending (anterior on right)
Transverse Descending (posterior on left) |
|
|
How if faeces elimination controlled?
|
By the deerer involuntary and shallower voluntary anal sphincters
|
|
|
What is the progression of the renal system?
|
Kidneys
Ureter Bladder Urethra |
|
|
What system are the adrenal glands part of?
|
Endocrine
|
|
|
What does the adrenal medulla secrete?
Adrenal cortex? |
Adrenalin
Steroids |
|
|
Why is the female rats reproductive system Y shaped?
|
To provide a large surface area for implantation as she carries many young
|
|
|
What 2 functions does the hard palate serve?
|
Divide between mouth and nasal cavity
Ridges sort food in order of size with help of tongue |
|
|
How do mammals prevent food entering the windpipe?
|
When you swallow, the epiglottis closes over the glottis (the opening to the trachea)
|
|
|
What is the intrapleural pressure before inhalation?During inhalation?
|
756mmHg
754mmHg |
|
|
What is the peak expiratory flow rate measured in? What is it measured with?
|
L/min
Peak flow meter |
|
|
What effect does asthma have on the peak expiratory flow rate?
|
Lower due to resistance
|
|
|
What effect does smoking initially have on the peak expiratory flow rate?
|
Increased as coughing strengthens muscles
|
|
|
What effect does smoking later have on the peak expiratory flow rate?
|
Decreased
Lung are degenerated - reduced strength and elasticity -More resistance (clogged airways) |
|
|
What does a spirometer measure?
|
Lung volumes
|
|
|
What is the vital capacity? What is it measured in?
FCV |
Max volume of air exhaled after maximum inhalation
L Forced vital capacity |
|
|
What is the FEV1.0?
|
Forced expiratory volume in one second
Volume forcefully exhaled in one second L |
|
|
FEV1.0/FVC is used in
What does it look like in? |
the diagnosis of obstructive disease
increased resistance, decreased FEV = decreased ratio |
|
|
Which sulcus does the primary visual cortex sit around?
|
Calcarine sulcus
|
|
|
What are the 4 lobes?
|
Parietal
Frontal Occipital Temporal |
|
|
What 3 main sulcus divide the lobes
|
Central
Lateral fissure Parietal-occipital |
|
|
Corpus collosum
|
white matter tract
Carries info between left and right hemisphere |
|
|
Primary visual cortex
How is it arranged |
Receives visual info
Arranged visualotopically |
|
|
Caudate nucleus
|
Part of basal ganglia
Involved in coordination |
|
|
Thalamus
|
Relays sensory info the the cortex
|
|
|
Intermediate mass
|
Joins thalamus lobes
|
|
|
Hypothalamus
|
Controls internal body function, autonomic nervous system and homeostasis
|
|
|
Ventricles
|
Carry cerebrospinal fluid
|
|
|
Aqueduct
|
Link 3rd and 4th ventricle
|
|
|
Cerebral penduncles
|
white matter tracts
carry info between spinal cord and cerebral cortex and between cerebrum and pons |
|
|
Pons
|
Carries corticospinal fibres and nucleus of cranial nerves.
Joins the two hemisphere of the cerebellum |
|
|
Medulla oblongata
|
Carries corticspinal fibres and nucleus of cranial nerves.
Controls breathing and heart |
|
|
Superior and inferior colliculli
|
Sight and sound reflex
|
|
|
Cerebellum
|
Coordinates movement
|
|
|
Mamillary body
|
Smell reflex
|
|
|
Exners area
|
Controls hand and eye movements for reading and writing
|
|
|
Brocas area
|
Controls motor movement for speech
|
|
|
Wernikes area
|
Processes spoken language
|
|
|
Supramarginal and angular gyrus
|
interperets visual symbols are written words
|
|
|
What connects the superior and inferior parts of the brain
|
Projection fibres
|
|
|
What connects the cortex and spine
|
The medial meniscus and internal fibres
|
|
|
What connects the front and back parts of the brain
|
association tracts
|
|
|
What is the right hemisphere responsible for
|
Musical and artistic awareness
Space and patterns Emotion of language |
|
|
What is the left hemisphere responsible for
|
Logic, reasoning and spoken/written skills
|
|
|
What is the process of hearing a question and responding?
|
Primary auditory complex
Wernikes area Brocas Primary motor cortex Primary auditory |
|
|
What is the process of reading a question and writing a response?
|
Primary visual cortex
Supramarginal/angular gyrus Exners Primary motor cortex Primary visual cortex |
|
|
What is the general process for brain function
|
Recieve
Interperate Plan response Execute Feedback |
|
|
6 Protective layers and spaces of the spine
|
Vertabrae
Duramater Subduramater Arachnoid mater Subarachnoidmater Piamater |
|
|
What forms the cerebrospinal fluid?
|
Choroid plexuse of the ventricals
|
|
|
What is the progression of CSF
|
Lateral ventricles
Intraventricular foramen Third ventricle Aqueduct Forth ventricle Sub arachnoid space of brain Sub arachnoid space of spine |
