Laboratory Exercise 5: Histology

Front 1

What is Epithelial Tissue?

Back 1

✿ Covers and lines body structures.

✿ One or more layers of closely adhering cells.

Front 2

Simple vs Stratified Epithelia

Back 2

✿ Simple - One layer

✿ Stratified - Multiple layers

Front 3

✿ Name:

✿ Define:

✿ Functions:

✿ Example:

Back 3

✿ Simple Squamous Epithelium

✿ Single row of flat cells.

✿ Allow rapid diffusion of substances; secretes serious fluids.

✿ Capillaries, alveoli, endothelium (blood vessel linings.

Front 4

2 types of Stratified Squamous Epithelium and definitions.

Back 4

✿ Keratinized - Surface layer of dead cells. They are filled with a protein called, keratin.

✿ Non-keratinized - Lacks the layers of dead cells.

Front 5

✿ Name:

✿ Define:

✿ Functions:

✿ Example:

Back 5

✿ Keratinized Squamous Epithelium

✿ Surface layer of dead cells. No longer alive. No nucleus. They are filled with a protein called, keratin.

✿ Prevent penetrations of organisms.

✿ Forms epidermal layer of skin.

Front 6

✿ Name:

✿ Define:

✿ Functions:

✿ Example:

Back 6

✿ Non-keratinized

Squamous Epithelium

✿ Lacks the layer of dead cells. Surface must be kept moist.

✿ Abrasion-resistant

✿ Tongue, throat, vagina.

Front 7

✿ Name:

✿ Define:

✿ Functions:

✿ Example:

Back 7

✿ Simple Cuboidal Epithelium

✿ Single row of cube-shaped cells.

✿ Absorption and secretion.

✿ Liver, thyroid, mammary.

Front 8

✿ Name:

✿ Define:

✿ Functions:

✿ Example:

Back 8

✿ Stratified Cuboidal Epithelium

✿ Two or more layers of cells.

✿ Secretes sweat; ovarian hormones and produces sperms.

✿ Sweat gland ducts, ovarian follicles.

Front 9

✿ Name:

✿ Define:

✿ Functions:

✿ Example:

Back 9

✿ Simple Columnar Epithelium

✿ Single row of tall narrow cells.

✿ Absorption and secretion.

✿ Inner lining of GI Tract, uterus, kidney & uterine tubes.

Front 10

✿ Name:

✿ Define:

✿ Functions:

✿ Example:

Back 10

✿ Pseudostratified Epithelium

✿ Single row of cells. Not all reach the free surface.

✿ Secretes and propels respiratory mucus.

✿ Found in respiratory system.

Front 11

What is Connective Tissue?

Back 11

✿ Provide support.

✿ Connects body structures.

✿ Storage of energy and heat production.

Front 12

Consist of widely spaced cells separated by fibers and ground substance.

Back 12

Connective Tissue

Front 13

5 types of Connective Tissue

Back 13

✿ Loose Fibrous

✿ Dense

✿ Fluid

✿ Bone

✿ Cartilage

Front 14

3 types of Loose Fibrous Tissue

Back 14

✿ Areolar

✿ Reticular

✿ Adipose

Front 15

✿ Name:

✿ Define:

✿ Functions:

✿ Example:

Back 15

✿ Areolar Tissue (Loose Fibrous)

✿ Loose arrangements of collagenous and elastic fibres.

✿ Forming passageway for nerve and blood vessels.

✿ Hypodermis

Front 16

✿ Name:

✿ Define:

✿ Functions:

✿ Example:

Back 16

✿ Reticular Tissue (Loose Fibrous)

✿ Loose network of reticular fibres and cells.

✿ Form supportive trauma for lymphatic organs.

✿ Lymph nodes, spleen, thymus and bone marrow.

Front 17

✿ Name:

✿ Define:

✿ Functions:

✿ Example:

Back 17

✿ Adipose Tissue (Loose Fibrous)

✿ Large, empty looking cells. Nucleus pressed against cell membrane.

✿ Energy storage, insulation and cushioning.

✿ Subcutaneous fats beneath skin & surrounding organs.

✿ Brown Fat - In hibernating animals produces heat only. No ATP.

Front 18

2 types of Dense Tissue

Back 18

✿ Regular

✿ Irregular

Front 19

✿ Name:

✿ Define:

✿ Functions:

✿ Example:

Back 19

✿ Dense Regular (Connective Tissue)

✿ Densely, packed, parallel collagen fibres.

✿ Holds bones together and attach muscles to bones.

✿ Tendons and ligaments.

Front 20

✿ Name:

✿ Define:

✿ Functions:

✿ Example:

Back 20

✿ Dense Irregular (Connective Tissue)

✿ Densely packed collagen fibres running in random directions.

✿ To support tissues in multiple directions.

✿ Deeper portion of skin, capsule around organs.

Front 21

3 types of Cartilage

Back 21

✿ Elastic

✿ Hyaline

✿ Fibrocartilage

Front 22

Cartilage

Back 22

Supportive connective tissue with rubbery matrix.

Front 23

✿ Name:

✿ Define:

✿ Functions:

✿ Example:

Back 23

✿ Hyaline Cartilage (Connective Tissue)

✿ Clear, glassy matrix, fine dispersed collagen fibers.

✿ Support airway. Ease joint movement.

✿ Ends of bones and movable joints.

Front 24

✿ Name:

✿ Define:

✿ Functions:

✿ Example:

Back 24

✿ Elastic Cartilage (Connective Tissue)

✿ Web-like mesh of elastic fibres amongst the lacunae. Always has perichondrium.

✿ Provides flexible, elastic support.

✿ External ear and epiglottis.

Front 25

✿ Name:

✿ Define:

✿ Functions:

✿ Example:

Back 25

✿ Fibrocartilage (Connective Tissue)

✿ Never has perichondrium.

✿ Resist compression and absorb shock in some joints.

✿ Pubic symphysis, meniscus and intervertebral discs.

Front 26

2 types of Bones

Back 26

✿ Spongy Bone

✿ Compact Bone

Front 27

✿ Name:

✿ Define:

✿ Functions:

✿ Example:

Back 27

✿ Compact Bone (Connective Tissue)

✿ Matrix mostly of mineral salts.

✿ Physical support, leverage for muscles; mineral storage.

✿ Skeleton

Front 28

✿ Name:

✿ Define:

✿ Functions:

✿ Example:

Back 28

✿ Blood (Connective Tissue)

✿ Variety of cells and cell fragments.

✿ Supplies essential nutrients to the cells.

✿ Heart and blood vessels.

Front 29

Muscle Tissue

Back 29

✿ Elongated cells that respond to stimuli by contracting.

✿ Important source of body heat.

Front 30

3 types of muscle tissues

Back 30

✿ Skeletal

✿ Cardiac

✿ Smooth

Front 31

✿ Name:

✿ Define:

✿ Functions:

✿ Example:

Back 31

✿ Skeletal Muscle (Muscle Tissue)

✿ Long, cylindrical, unbranched cells with striations and multiple peripheral nuclei.

✿ Movement, facial expression, posture, breathing, speech, swallowing and excretion.

✿ Skeletal muscles.

Front 32

✿ Name:

✿ Define:

✿ Functions:

✿ Example:

Back 32

✿ Cardiac Muscle (Muscle Tissue)

✿ Short branched cells with striations and intercalated discs.

✿ Pumping of blood.

✿ Heart.

Front 33

✿ Name:

✿ Define:

✿ Functions:

✿ Example:

Back 33

✿ Smoothe Muscle (Muscle Tissue)

✿ Short fusiform cells and nonstriated.

✿ Swallowing, GI tract function, labor contractions, control of airflows, erection of hair and control of pupils.

✿ Iris, hair follicles and sphincters.

Front 34

2 types of Nervous Tissue

Back 34

✿ Neurons

✿ Glial Cells