Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
74 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
What are Universal Precautions? |
An infection control strategy designed to reduce the risk of disease transmission introduced by the CDC in response to the HIV epidemic in 1985 |
|
|
What does universal precautions apply to? |
Blood Tissue Semen Other bodily fluids |
|
|
What do universal precautions not apply to? |
Feces Nasal secretions Sputum Sweat Tears Urine or vomitus unless they contain blood. |
|
|
What does CLIP stand for? |
Clinical laboratory improvement program |
|
|
What is the CLIP Instruction? |
DoD Instruction 6440.02 |
|
|
What is an annually revised compendium of all federal laws of the United States published in the Federal Register? |
Code of Federal Regulations |
|
|
How often are CLIP inspections on non-fixed medical treatment facilities? |
Every 2 years |
|
|
Who performs CLIP Inspections? |
Medical Laboratory Officer or appointment Laboratory Technician from hospitals in the area of responsibility (AOR). |
|
|
What is the Management of Infectious Waste Instruction? |
BUMED 6280.1 Series |
|
|
What is an agreement between a host nation and military forces? |
SOFA: Status of Forces Agreement |
|
|
What are the 2 types of waste criteria? |
Infectious and Non-Infectious |
|
|
Diapers, tissue paper, bedpans, urinary catheters, and nasogastric tubing are what types of waste? |
Non-Infectious waste |
|
|
Infectious/regulated waste is placed in _______ biohazard bags. |
Red |
|
|
How often are biohazard bags emptied? |
Daily |
|
|
How must infectious waste/regulated waste bags packaged? |
Double bagged, goose necked, and secured with heavy tape |
|
|
What type of container are sharps placed? |
Rigid, puncture resistant, leak-proof container and labeled with a biohazard sign or red in color |
|
|
When are sharp's containers taken out of service? |
After 90 days When it's 3/4 full Foul odor is detected |
|
|
What criteria must Infectious Waste Storage rooms meet? |
Mark with Biohazard and Authorized Personnel Only signs. Storage room should be near treatment or transport site and lockable. Keep clean and free of pests/rodents. Limit storage to 7 days. |
|
|
How are Infectios Waste Storage room exteriors be marked? |
Biohazard and Authorized Personnel Only signs |
|
|
What is the criteria for overboard discharge? |
Endangers health or safety Creates unacceptable nuisance Compromise of combat readiness |
|
|
What are the conditions for overboard discharge? |
CO’s approval Must be greater than 50 nautical miles from shore. Must be properly packaged and weighted for negative buoyancy. Entries must be made in ship’s deck log and medical journal |
|
|
What entries must be made in ship’s deck log and medical journal? |
Date Time Ship’s location Number of bags |
|
|
What are the 2 methods of blood collection? |
Capillary Puncture Venipuncture |
|
|
What blood collection method of choice for pediatric patients? |
Capillary Puncture |
|
|
What blood collection method is useful in adults with extreme obesity, severe burns and thrombotic tendencies? |
Capillary Puncture |
|
|
What sites do we use for Capillary Puncture? |
Blood is collected from the heel, finger, earlobe or toe. |
|
|
What finger is the first choice in older infants and elderly population? |
The palmer (fleshy) surface of the distal phalanx of the middle or ring finger, with the middle finger being the first choice. |
|
|
What is the best method of blood collection? |
Venipuncture Method |
|
|
What is the max depth of lancet for capillary puncture? |
Lancet should not exceed 2mm into fingertip. |
|
|
When using the blood pressure cuff in patients whose veins are difficult to find, how much do we inflate the cuff? |
30 mm/Hg |
|
|
What is the order of draw? |
Blood culture tubes Blue top Red top SST Green top Lavender top Gray top. |
|
|
What does the Blue Tube contain? What is it used for? |
Sodium Citrate Prothrombin Time (PT) Partial Thromboplastin Time (PTT) A powder anticoagulant that binds to Calcium. |
|
|
What does the Red Tube contain? What is it used for? |
No anticoagulant or no additives (1 Chemistry (2 Serology (3 Blood bank (4 Other tests requiring serum. |
|
|
What does the SST Tubes contain? What is it used for? |
No anticoagulant. Contains a serum separator gel Primarily used for chemistry testing |
|
|
What are the 3 types of SST Tubes? |
Gold Top Tiger top HIV tube (red/yellow) |
|
|
What does the Green Tube contain? What is it used for? |
Heparin Used for plasma studies and Chemistry testing (Piccolo ChemistryAnalyzer): Ammonia Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) Inhibits the clotting enzyme, thrombin, by creating an antithrombin. |
|
|
What does the Lavender Tube contain? What is it used for? |
Ethylenediaminetetracetic Acid (EDTA) The most widely used anticoagulant CBC and Differential WBC EDTA is a chelating agent that binds calcium so blood cannot clot. Does not affect cellular morphology. Specimens can be refrigerated for approximately 24 hours |
|
|
What does the Gray Tube contain? What is it used for? |
Sodium fluoride Used for glucose studies ETOH level analysis Inhibits Glycolysis |
|
|
What tube contains Heparin? |
Green Tube |
|
|
What tube contains Sodium Fluoride? |
Gray Top |
|
|
What tube contains Ethylenediaminetetracetic Acid (EDTA)? |
Lavender Top |
|
|
What tube contains Sodium Citrate? |
Blue Top |
|
|
What tube contains no aditives? |
Red Top |
|
|
What tubes contain serum separator gel? |
SST Tubes: Gold Top Tiger top HIV tube (red/yellow) |
|
|
What lab test supplies useful information regarding the concentration of the different cellular and non-cellular elements of blood and applies to multiple disorders? |
Complete Blood Count (CBC) |
|
|
What results will you find on a CBC? |
(1) Leukocyte (WBC) count (2) Erythrocyte (RBC) count (3) Hemoglobin (Hgb) (4) Hematocrit (Hct) (5) RBC indices (6) Platelet count |
|
|
What is the main component of the red blood cell? It is a protein that serves as the vehicle for the transportation of oxygen and carbon dioxide. |
Hemoglobin (Hgb) |
|
|
What is the number of red cells in a given volume of blood? |
Red Blood Count (RBC) |
|
|
What is the ratio of the volume of erythrocytes to that of the whole blood? |
Hematocrit (Hct) |
|
|
What is used to specifically assess red blood cell characteristics? They assess the size and Hgb content of the RBC. |
Red Blood Cell Indices |
|
|
What are Red Blood Cell Indices? |
Mean Corpuscular Volume (MCV) Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin (MCH) Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin Concentration (MCHC) |
|
|
What is the Mean Corpuscular Volume (MCV)? |
The MCV is an estimate of the average volume (size) of RBC’s.
It is calculated from the hematocrit and the red cell count. |
|
|
What is the Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin (MCH)? |
MCH is the amount of hemoglobin per RBC |
|
|
What is the Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin Concentration (MCHC)? |
The MCHC is the hemoglobin divided by the Hematocrit |
|
|
What is the normal Hematocrit (Hct) level? |
Males 42 - 52% Females 37 - 47% |
|
|
What is the normal Hemoglobin(g/dL) level? |
Male: 14.0 – 17.5 Female: 12.3 – 15.3 Critical value (low) <8 g/dL |
|
|
What is the normal MCHC(g/dL) level? |
30.0 – 35.0 |
|
|
What is the normal Platelet level? |
Normal Range 150,000-400,000/μL Critical Value (Low) <20,000/ mm3 risk of hemorrhage. (High) >1,000,000/ mm3 risk of thrombosis. |
|
|
What is the normal Granulocyte Count(x109/L) level? |
1.8 – 7.2 |
|
|
What is the normal WBC(x109/L) level? |
Normal WBC Range 4.5-11.0 x 103 cells/mm3 Critical Value (Low) <2,000/mm3 (High) 30,000/mm3 |
|
|
What is the normal Lymphocyte/Monocyte(x109/L) level? |
1.7 – 4.9 |
|
|
What is the normal range for Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin (MCH)? |
27-32 pg/cell |
|
|
High MCV is associated with ___________ |
An increase in the MCV is normally associated with Vitamin B12 or folate deficiency |
|
|
Low MCV is associated with ___________ |
A decrease in the MCV implies some abnormality in Hgb synthesis and mostlikely caused by an iron deficiency |
|
|
Low MCH is associated with ___________ |
Decrease seen in an iron deficiency |
|
|
High MCH is associated with ___________ |
Increase seen in Vitamin B12 or folate deficiency |
|
|
A low number of WBC’s is called leukopenia. It may be due to: |
1) Bone marrow deficiency or failure (for example, due to infection, tumor, orabnormal scarring) 2) Collagen-vascular diseases (such as systemic lupus erythematosus) 3) Disease of the liver or spleen 4) Radiation therapy or exposure |
|
|
A high number of WBC’s is called leukocytosis. It may be due to: |
1) Anemia 2) Bone marrow tumors 3) Infectious diseases 4) Inflammatory disease (such as rheumatoid arthritis or allergy) 5) Leukemia 6) Severe emotional or physical stress 7) Tissue damage (for example, burns) |
|
|
What are the normal ranges of WBC? |
Basophils 0-1% Eosinophils 1-5% Lymphocytes 20-40% Monocytes 1-6% Neutrophils 50-70% Bands 0-5% |
|
|
What is the most abundant type of phagocyte, important in defense against infectious disease? |
Neutrophil granulocytes |
|
|
What leukocyte participates in some inflammatory conditions, particularly allergic reactions, asthma, and certain myocardial diseases? |
Eosinophil granulocytes |
|
|
What leukocyte is abundant with histamine, heparin,chondroitin sulfate, peroxidase, platelet activating factor, and other substances? |
Basophil granulocytes |
|
|
What leukocyte is the second most numerous cell in the blood? |
Lymphocytes |
|
|
What has an important role in defense against microorganisms, including mycobacteria, fungi, bacteria, protozoa, and viruses? |
The mononuclear phagocyte system |
