Labor History Exam - Professor Albert Palewicz 2011

Front 1

Commonwealth (Boston) v Hunt -

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Commonwealth (Boston) v Hunt -1846 - Attempt to create closed union shops, appeals court found no conspiracy. first clear break from conspiracy for labor strikes

Front 2

Carnegy Steel Strike/Homestead strike:

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Carnegy Steel Strike/Homestead strike: 1882, lock out and strike in Pittsburgh. Private security (strike busters) who worked for Pinkertons (private investigators). Strikers took over the facility and defended it with violence. Military came in via boat to defeat the strikers.

Front 3

Haymarket Riots -

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Haymarket Riots -1886 fight for 8 hour work day, in response to police killing two workers at mccormick company in chicago, Rally in haymarket, pipebomb was thrown at police killing 7, wounding 60. blamed with delaying the acceptance of 8 hour work day. 7 sentenced to death, 1 sentenced to 15 years. gov pardoned 2, the rest were dead already

Front 4

American Federation of Labor -

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American Federation of Labor -1886, coalition of international and local labor unions and skilled crafts to hirer wages and job security founded by Samuel Gompers

Front 5

Pullman Strike -

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Pullman Strike -1893-4. Led by ARU and Eugene Debs. US Marshalls and Army broke the strike. 13 strikes killed, 57 wounded

Front 6

Cripple Creek Strike -

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Cripple Creek Strike -1894 Only time a state militia came in to SUPPORT strikers. Early Western Mine Unions. Strike succeeded.

Front 7

Battle of Blair Mountain -

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Battle of Blair Mountain -1921 largest armed uprising since the civil war, largest Armed labor dispute in logan county WV

Front 8

National Industrial Recovery Act -

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National Industrial Recovery Act -1933. Initial attempt by FDR to assist workers rights. FDR new deal act to stimulate economy, included public works programs.

Front 9

Schechter Poultry

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Schechter Poultry1935. SCOTUS decision declaring FDR’s NIRA unconstitutional

Front 10

Jones & Laughlin Steel Co

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Jones & Laughlin Steel Co1937. SCOTUS decisions holding the NLRA of ’35 (Wagner Act) to be constitutional

Front 11

Steelworkers Organizing Union -

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Steelworkers Organizing Union -1939 by John Lewis who appoint Phil Murry, the first Steel union with teeth. Did not use the NLRA voting measures. Used other methods to get recognized

Front 12

Change to Win Federation -

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Change to Win Federation - 2005. Coalition as an alternative to the AFL-CIO. IBT (teamsters), SEIU (service emp) UFW (farmworkers), and UFCW (Food and Comm Workers)

Front 13

Order of the Knights of St. Crispin -

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Order of the Knights of St. Crispin - Among the earliest unions (cobblers) that were national just after the Civil War.

Front 14

George Meany -

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George Meany -came from plumbers and steamfitters union, led the AFL into the AFL-CIO until the 70s

Front 15

Terrence V. Powderly -

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Terrence V. Powderly -chairman of Knight of Labor, focused on political unionism

Front 16

Samuel Gompers*** -

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Samuel Gompers*** -Cigarmaker who founded the AFL

Front 17

Philadelphia Cordwainers Case -

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Philadelphia Cordwainers Case -Commonwealth v Pullis - Nov 1806 - last case of criminal conspiracy conviction against strikers

Front 18

Triangle Shirtwaist Fire -

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Triangle Shirtwaist Fire -Deadliest industrial accident in NYC history, led to improved work conditions

Front 19

James McParlan -

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James McParlan -Detective for Pinkerton, a security company, Worked undercover to infiltrate and dismantle the Molly McGuires, 20 people were convicted based solely on his testimony, More than half convicted were later pardoned.

Front 20

National Labor Union -

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National Labor Union - First Labor Union Federation in the US, brought together unions under one federation. Got the 8 hour work day.

Front 21

Railroad Labor Act

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Railroad Labor Act First national labor act

Front 22

CIO (Congress of Industrial Orgs) -

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CIO (Congress of Industrial Orgs) -formed in 1935 by John L. Lewis for industrial workers as opposed to craft/skilled unions (AFL), comprised of 7 other former AFL unions

Front 23

Noble Order of the Knights of Labor -

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Noble Order of the Knights of Labor - Found in 1868, first mass organization of the american working class open to all workers (not just one skilled labor)

Front 24

Eugene Debs -

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Eugene Debs -Founded the American Railway Union, one of the first industry-wide unions. Arrested for organizing the Pullamn Strike. Socialist. founding member of Int Labor Union and Industrial Workers of the World

Front 25

John L. Lewis -

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John L. Lewis -Founder and first president of CIO

Front 26

The Molly McGuires -

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The Molly McGuires -Organization that may or may not had existed in mid-to late 19th Century in the United States, Labor organization in Ireland, Owners of mines in PA may had created them to vilify a labor organization; Myth is that they were vigilantes of a gang to murder the mining and railroad supervisors

Front 27

First US Strike -

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First US Strike - Philadelphia Printers in 1786 - strike for 6$ a week

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First US Labor Union -

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First US Labor Union -Philadelphia Shoemakers in 1792

Front 29

A Philip Randolph -

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A Philip Randolph -President of National Brotherhood of Workers of America (black dock workers). Founded in 1925 Brotherhood of Sleeping Car Porters (mostly of the Pullman Company) Fought for porters rights and got them in the RLA in 1934

Front 30

Walter Reuther -

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Walter Reuther -president of UAW and CIO, did not work on the merged AFL - CIO stayed at the IUD

Front 31

Industrial Workers of the World -

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Industrial Workers of the World - The Woobles (1905), opposed AFL, fought as an industrial (versus legal or legislative) union. Opposed AFL's classification of different workers (skilled, semi-skilled, unskilled), instead favoring a unified workers class (socialism or communism)

Front 32

AFL-CIO:

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AFL-CIO:Two existing orgs merged craft and industrial together at last