Labor And Delivery 111A

Front 1

Latent phase

Back 1

0 to 4cm

Front 2

Active phase

Back 2

4 to 7cm
fetus desends

Front 3

Transition

Back 3

past 7cm ready to deliver.

Front 4

Freidmans Graph

Back 4

cervical dilation
to
time in hours

Front 5

Fetal heart monitoring

Back 5

rate 120 to 146
pattern accels

Front 6

acceleraton or accels

Back 6

up 15 beats per min for 15 seconds above baselines you need 3 in 10 minutes

Front 7

deceleration

Back 7

late and variable is close to labor and late deceleration is bad meaning fetal hypoxia.

Front 8

what is the concern about getting an epideral too early

Back 8

it can stall labor. the timing depends on your Dr

Front 9

Transitions phase

Back 9

7 to 10 cm
Short phase
goes to 2nd stage

Front 10

Frequency increases and length of contractions increase

Back 10

Frequency increases and length of contractions increase, this is checked by checking the begining of one to the begining of the other.

Front 11

what is labor

Back 11

constant progresison of cervix

Front 12

how long does labor last

Back 12

2 hours

Front 13

late decels

Back 13

Bad, could be caused by a sick plecenta.

Front 14

Spinal block

Back 14

used for sesarian section
completely paralized from nipples down

Front 15

epideral

Back 15

used for vaginal birth because it numbs
form belly down

Front 16

hemorhage

Back 16

big baby, prolonged labor, use pitocin. message the fundus

Front 17

mothers blood volume increases

Back 17

50%

Front 18

what are uterin contractions caused from

Back 18

the uteris trying to contract itself.

Front 19

UU

Back 19

this is the position of the uteris right after birht then it decends 1 finger a day from the umbilicas

Front 20

What is considered heavy bleeding

Back 20

1 pad an hour avery 30 min

Front 21

fever

Back 21

a little fever is normal postpartum but a reading higher than 100.4 more than two occasions get a CBC

Front 22

vaginal trauma

Back 22

4 is bad
1 is not so bad

Front 23

what may an epideral cause

Back 23

delay sensation for voiding
make sure that they void within 4 hours

Front 24

when is menses returned

Back 24

6 to 8 weeks

Front 25

Rhogam what is it for

Back 25

given at 28 weeks if the baby is RH positive Rhogam avoids the antibodies that can build up for the next pregnancy

Front 26

Postpartum blues

Back 26

a very sad discouraged feeling

Front 27

Postpartum pshycosis

Back 27

loss of reality may harm baby

Front 28

Complications of postpartum

Back 28

blood loss
hemrhoids
infection
depression
contipaiton
DVTs, C-section

Front 29

early hemorhage

Back 29

greater than 500cc day of birth
late hemorhage is greater than 500cc over 24 hours after birth

Front 30

what is the most concerning sign of respiratory distress

Back 30

nasal flaring

Front 31

Discuss normal transition

Back 31

4 hour trnsition is the norm, we will expect that the baby be a little stressed, we are concerned after 4 hours

Front 32

What are the 4 mechanisms of heat loss in the newborn

Back 32

conduction
convection
evaporation
radiation

Front 33

To avoid heat loss in an infant what should you do first

Back 33

Dry them off

Front 34

What is important about the use of a radiant warmer

Back 34

It must be at the proper level and height

Front 35

Heat loss explained, heat loss in a newborn occurs by four modes

Back 35

1. Convection is the flow of heat from the body surface to cooler ambient air. Because of heat loss by convection, the ambient temperature in the nursery is kept at approximately 24°C and newborns in open bassinets are wrapped to protect them from the cold.

2. Radiation is the loss of heat from the body surface to a cooler solid surface not in direct contact but in relative proximity. To prevent this type of loss, cribs and examining tables are placed away from outside windows and care is taken to avoid direct air drafts.

3. Evaporation is the loss of heat that occurs when a liquid is converted to a vapor. In the newborn, heat loss by evaporation occurs as a result of vaporization of moisture from the skin. This heat loss is intensified by failure to dry the newborn directly after birth or by drying the infant too slowly after a bath. The less mature the newborn, the more severe the evaporative heat loss. Evaporative heat loss, as a component of insensible water loss, is the most significant cause of heat loss in the first few days of life.

4. Conduction is the loss of heat from the body surface to cooler surfaces in direct contact. When admitted to the nursery, the newborn is placed in a warmed crib to minimize heat loss. The scales used for weighing the newborn should have a protective cover to minimize conductive heat losses as well.

Front 36

Describe cold stress in an infant

Back 36

Effects of cold stress. When an infant is stressed by cold, oxygen consumption increases and pulmonary and peripheral vasoconstriction occur, thereby decreasing oxygen uptake by the lungs and oxygen to the tissues; anaerobic glycolysis increases; and there is a decrease in PO2 and pH, leading to metabolic acidosis.

Front 37

Signs of hypoglycemia in an infant

Back 37

jitteriness; irregular respiratory effort; cyanosis; apnea; weak, high-pitched cry; feeding difficulty; lethargy; twitching; eye rolling; and seizures. The signs may be transient but recurrent.

Front 38

Describe hypocalcemia in an infant

Back 38

Hypocalcemia (serum calcium levels less than 7.8 to 8 mg/dl in term infant, 7 mg/dl in preterm infant; ideally, ionized fraction levels reflect the biologically active form and levels range from 3 to 4.4 mg/dl depending on the measurement method [ Blackburn, 2003 ]) may occur in newborns of diabetic mothers, in those who experienced perinatal asphyxia or trauma, and in preterm infants. Early-onset hypocalcemia occurs within the first 72 hours after birth. Although signs of hypocalcemia include jitteriness, tremors, twitching, high-pitched cry, irritability, apnea, and laryngospasm, some infants may be asymptomatic (Blackburn, 2003).

Early-onset hypocalcemia may be self-limiting and resolve within 1 to 3 days, depending on the etiology. Treatment for the condition includes early feeding and, in preterm or asphyxiated infants, the administration of intravenous elemental calcium.