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35 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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endocrine system
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one of the body's control systems
composed of cells that secrete hormones into interstitial fluid organs are not physically continuous with each other |
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target cell
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cell that hormone reaches to cause a specific reaction
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hormones can be secreted by
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single isolated cells
small cell clusters endocrine gland |
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functions of hormones
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developement
growth reproduction regulation of conditions in digestive tract lumen regulation of energy used by cells coping with stress |
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thyroid hormone
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produced by thyroid gland
affect virtually all cells of the body increases metabolic rate |
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hypothyroidism
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undersecretion of thyroid hormones
slow metabolic rate, weight gain, low body temp., slow pulse, slow reflexes, deminished alertnes, fatigue |
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hyperthyroidism
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oversecretion of thyroid hormones
high metabolic rate, weight loss, poor tolerance to heat, fast pulse, irritablility |
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insulin
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secreted by pancreas
maintains normal blood glucose levels transports glucose from blood to cells |
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insulin-dependent cells
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most cells
glucose cannot cross their plasma membrane unless insulin is present |
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insulin-independent
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neurons and some cells
insulin is not needed for glucose to cross their plasma membranes |
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insulin actions
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formation of glycogen from glucose
storage of glycogen synthesis of fats and proteins lowers blood glucose level |
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glucose-independent
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most cells
can use fats and proteins along with glucose to produce ATP |
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glucose-dependent
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neurons and some cells
can produce ATP only from glucose |
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diabetes mellitus
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condition caused by decreased insulin action
leads to neuron malfunction (fatal if not treated) |
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insulin shock
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excess of insulin
leads to neural malfunction (fatal if not treated) |
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human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG)
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produced during pregnancy
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placenta
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fetal and maternal tissues
exchange of substances between maternal and fetal blood occurs here produces hCG |
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corpus luteum
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continues to grow after ovulation and produces increasing quantaties of estrogens and progesterones
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estrogen and progesterone
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continue to stimulate developement of the uterine wall and prevent it from being shed as would happen in a normal uterine cycle
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hCG
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a hormone
secreted into blood filtered through kidneys not found in urine pesence of hCG in blood or unire indicates pregnancy |
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thyroid gland
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secretes thyroid hormones and calcitonin
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adrenal glands
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cortex secretes mineralocorticoids, glucocorticoids, and gonadocorticoids
medulla secretes epinephrine and norepinephrine |
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pineal gland
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secretes melatonin
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hypothalamus
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secretes releasing and inhibiting hormones and produces antidiuretic hormone and oxytocin
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pituitary gland
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anterior lobe secretes TSH, ACTH, GH, FSH, LH, and prolactin
posterior lobe releases antidiuretic hormone and oxytocin |
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heart
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secretes atrial natriuretic peptide
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kidneys
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secrete renin and erythropoietin
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liver
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secretes somatomedin
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stomach
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secretes gastrin
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small intestine
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secretes secretin, cholecystokinin, and gastric inhibitory peptide
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pancreas
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secretes insulin, glucagon, and somatostatin
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ovaries
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secrete estrogens, progesterone, and inhibin
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skin
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produces vitamin D3
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placenta
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secretes hCG, estrogens, and progesterone
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thymus
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secretes thymosin
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