Lab Written V Ch23

Front 1

special senses

Back 1

(5) smell, taste, vision, hearing, and equilibrium

Front 2

chemical senses

Back 2

smell (olfaction)
taste (gustation)
direct chemicals in the external environment

Front 3

olfactory cells

Back 3

receptors that respond to chemicals in the air
neurons
located in olfactory epithelium

Front 4

olfactory epithelium

Back 4

patch of epithelium lining the superior part of the nasal cavity

Front 5

sensory input from olfactory cells reach brain via

Back 5

cranial nerves I

Front 6

gustatory cells

Back 6

found in taste buds
modified epithelial cells that respond to chemicals in food and drink

Front 7

sensory input from gustatory cells reach the brain via

Back 7

cranial nerves VII, IX, and X

Front 8

primary tastes

Back 8

salt- produced by ions (Na+, Cl-, K+)
sweet- organic molecules (glucose)
sour- acids
bitter- alkaloids

Front 9

sensory receptors for vision

Back 9

rods and cones
located in retina of each eye

Front 10

rods and cones

Back 10

neurons that respond to light

Front 11

sensory input about vision reaches the brain via

Back 11

cranial nerves II

Front 12

sensory receptors for hearing and equilibrium

Back 12

modified epithelial cells called hair cells

Front 13

sensory input of hearing and equilibrium reach the brain via

Back 13

cranial nerves VIII

Front 14

ear

Back 14

external ear- hearing
middle ear- hearing
inner ear- equilibrium and hearing

Front 15

bony labyrinth

Back 15

in inner ear
complex arrangement of tunnels within the temporal bone

Front 16

membanous labyrinth

Back 16

in bony labyrinth
membranous sacs

Front 17

perilymph

Back 17

fluid found in bony labyrinth

Front 18

endolymph

Back 18

fills membranous labyrinth

Front 19

fibrous tunic

Back 19

sclera
cornea

Front 20

sclera

Back 20

protects internal structures and maintains shape of eyeball

Front 21

cornea

Back 21

refracts light as it passes through

Front 22

vascular tunic

Back 22

choroid
ciliary body
iris
pupil

Front 23

choroid

Back 23

absorbs light rays

Front 24

ciliary body

Back 24

regulates lens shape and secretes aqueous humor

Front 25

iris

Back 25

regulates size of pupil

Front 26

pupil

Back 26

light passes through

Front 27

retina or nervous tunic

Back 27

optic disc
(viosion)
lens
anterior segment
aqueous humor
posterior segment
vitreous humor

Front 28

lens

Back 28

(accomodation)

Front 29

aqueous humor

Back 29

maintains intraocular pressure, and thus eye shape
provides nutrition for lens and cornea

Front 30

vitreous humor

Back 30

keeps retina against choroid coat and maintains eye shape

Front 31

orbit

Back 31

protects eye from injury and supplies surfaces to which extrinsic eye muscles attach

Front 32

eyelid

Back 32

protect eye from injury, sunlight, and drying

Front 33

conjunctiva

Back 33

thin transparent mucous membrane covering anterior surface of sclera and inner surface of eyelid
secretes mucus that prevents eye from drying

Front 34

lacrimal gland

Back 34

almond-sized
in upper lateral region of orbit
secretes tears which keep conjunctiva moist

Front 35

extrinsic eye

Back 35

6 muscles
moves eye

Front 36

external ear

Back 36

pinna
external auditory meatus

Front 37

pinna

Back 37

collects sound waves and directs them into external auditory meatus

Front 38

external auditory meatus

Back 38

passageway for sound waves

Front 39

middle ear

Back 39

tympanic membrane
auditory ossicles
pharyngotympanic tube

Front 40

tympanic membrane

Back 40

transmits sound waves (vibrations) to ossicles

Front 41

auditory ossicles

Back 41

amplify and transmit vibrations to inner ear
include malleus, incus, stapes

Front 42

pharyngotympanic tube

Back 42

allow equalization of air pressure on both sides of tympanic membrane

Front 43

inner ear

Back 43

oval window
round window
bony labyrinth
membranous labyrinth
vestibulocochlear nerve (cranial nerve VIII)

Front 44

oval window

Back 44

transmits vibrations of ossicles to basilar membrane

Front 45

round window

Back 45

a safety valve that prevents rupture of cochlear duct

Front 46

bony labyrinth

Back 46

vestibule
semicircular canals
cochlea

Front 47

vestibule

Back 47

equilibrium

Front 48

semicircular canals

Back 48

equilibrium

Front 49

cochlea

Back 49

(hearing)
includes base, apex, scala vestibuli
scala tympani

Front 50

membranous labyrinth

Back 50

utricle
saccule
semicircular ducts
ampullae
cochlear duct (scala media)
vestibular membrane
basilar membrane
organ of Corti (spiral organ)
tectorial membrane

Front 51

involved in equilibrium

Back 51

utricle
saccule
semicircular ducts
ampullae

Front 52

organ of Corti

Back 52

hearing

Front 53

vestibulocochlear nerve (cranial nerve VIII)

Back 53

carries sensory input from inner ear to brain
includes vestibular nerve and cochlear nerve

Front 54

vestibular nerve

Back 54

carries sensory input from vestibule and semicircular canals

Front 55

cochlear nerve

Back 55

carries sensory input from cochlea