Lab Values: Terms And Interventions For

Front 1

complete blood count CBC

Back 1

RBC, WBC, PLTS, blood types,

Front 2

RBC

Back 2

4.5-5.9 x10^12/L
delivers oxygen and removes waste

Front 3

polycythemia

Back 3

overproduction of RBC

Front 4

erythropoietin

Back 4

stimulates production of RBCs by bone marrow

Front 5

hemoglobin

Back 5

12-17
contains iron and protein.
gives blood its red color.
measures the severity of anemia and polycythemia
monitor the response to treatment.

Front 6

hematocrit

Back 6

36-51%
-evaluate the degree of blood loss, anemia, polycythemia & dehydration.
-determines the proportion of RBC in plasma
-expressed in percentage: HCT of 30% is 30ml of RBC in 100ml of whole blood.

Front 7

sickle cell anemia

Back 7

RBC destruction
-misshapen Hgb and RBC
-supportive interventions: prevent infection, relieve pain, provide fluid and o2.

Front 8

Thalassemia

Back 8

RBC destruction
-mutated Hgb
-iron overload and excessive hematopoisis
-requires transfusions or removal of excess iron from blood.
-splenectomy/bone marrow transplant.

Front 9

nursing interventions with Plts

Back 9

critical values: <50,000, >1,000,000.
report to MD stat.
-low counts, teach pt measures to prevent bleeding.

Front 10

thrombocytopenia: assessment

Back 10

-monitor pt's ksin for bruising, indicates bleeding under teh skin
-protect from bruising.
-electric razor
-soft tooth brush
-avoid use of aspirin because it worsens the ability to clot.

Front 11

WBC

Back 11

-monitor bone marrow response to cancer treatment
-attack and destroy bacteria, virus, or foreign org.
-detects anemia, infection, and leukemia

Front 12

lab values for bone marrow disorder

Back 12

up/down RBC
up/down HGB
up/down HCT
up/down PLTS

Front 13

lab values for hemoconcentration

Back 13

up RBC
up HGB
up HCT

Front 14

lab values for dehydration

Back 14

up RBC, HGB, HCT

Front 15

lab values for diarrhea/vomiting

Back 15

up RBC, HGB, HCT

Front 16

lab values malignant tumors

Back 16

down RBC, HGB, HCT,
up PLTS

Front 17

lab values for hemorrhage

Back 17

down RBC, HGB, HCT
up PLTS

Front 18

lab values for anemia

Back 18

down everything
platelet either way

Front 19

hemodilution--lab values

Back 19

everythign down. doesn't affect PLTS

Front 20

chemo/rt--lab values

Back 20

everythign down.

Front 21

pt with low RBC, Hgb, adn Hct
Intervention

Back 21

-assess vital signs
-monitor frequently for safety
-give blood transfusion
-assist with ADLs
-encourage food intake e.g. increase red meat
-iron and B12

Front 22

PTT reflects?

Back 22

effect of heparin anticoagulant therapy, dose is adjusted based on test results.
-PTT reflects serum heparin at the moment the sample is taken (heparin activity varies from moment to moment)

Front 23

antidote to heparin

Back 23

protamine sulfate

Front 24

PT ??

Back 24

monitor oral anticoagulant therapy--coumadin/warfarin (range monitored through INR)
-SNAIDS, aspirin, and other anti-platelet agents can affect PT level.

Front 25

antidote to coumadin

Back 25

vitamin K

Front 26

INR??

Back 26

needs to be monitored for clients on coumadin for:
-deep veing thrombosis DVT
-pulmonary embolism PE
-myocardial infarction MI
-mitral valve replacement MVR

Front 27

what decreases INR level

Back 27

vitamin K
FFP

Front 28

albumin

Back 28

maintains osmotic pressure within cell walls.
helps investigate symptoms of disease: swelling of the ankles (pedal edema) or abdomen (ascites).

Front 29

prealbumin

Back 29

evaluate nutritional status to determine whether a diet contains enough protein.

Front 30

BUN

Back 30

-protein metabolism--urea nitrogen
-exretion primarily by kidneys
-used to evaluate renal function

Front 31

elevated BUN

Back 31

kidney damage
acute/chronic renal failure
dehydration

Front 32

creatinine

Back 32

waste product of creatinine phosphate
-muscle tissue energy metabolism--creatinine
-excretion primarily by kidneys
-sensitive to kidney dysfunction/muscle mass
-evaluates renal dysfunction

Front 33

increased Cr+

Back 33

renal damage/failure, nephrotoxic drugs, etc.

Front 34

uric acid

Back 34

-end product of protein metabolism
-excreted by kidney as waste product
-monitor pt with renal failure

Front 35

GOUT and treatment of

Back 35

disease associated with consistently high serum uric acid levels (more common in men)


treatment: allopurinol prevents elevation

Front 36

cardiac enzymes

Back 36

found in all tissues, heart, brain, and skeletal muscle.
-cardiac enzyme studies measure the levels of the ensymes Troponin (Tnl, TnT) and creatine phosphokinase (CPK, CK) in the blood.
-Levels rise, peak & normalize
-diagnose MI

Front 37

troponin-basic

Back 37

protein that helps to regulate cardiac contractility
-three types
-troponin I specific to cardiac muscle injury.
-gives faster diagnosis that other enzymes

Front 38

troponin: onset, peak, duration

Back 38

TnI:
onset: 2-6 hours
peaks: 16hrs
dure: 5-9 days

TnT:
onset: 3-4hrs
peaks: 12-48 hrs
dure: 10-14 days

Front 39

interventions: MI

Back 39

-baseline VS, monitor CPK & troponin level
-cardiac monitor monitors cardiac rhythms for arrhythmias
-02 therapy
-aspirin and nitrates
-intravenous access
-thrombolytic therapy
-close monitoring of pt as needed.

Front 40

parathyroid hormone PTH regulates what?

Back 40

calcium and phosphorus ions in the blood...they have inverse relationship.

Front 41

hydrogen ions

Back 41

calcium, phosphorus, magnesium

Front 42

calcium

Back 42

-maintains proper heart function, nerve transmission and blood clotting
50% bound to albumin, 50% ionized or free.

Front 43

2 regulators of calcium

Back 43

parathyroid hormone
calcitonin
increase in PTH = increase in Ca

Front 44

cause of hypocalcemia

Back 44

-hypoparathyroidism
-excess phosphorous
-vit D deficiency
-low albumin
-prolonged IV fluid therapy
-diuretics
-malnutrition

Front 45

S&S of hypocalcemia

Back 45

-neuromuscular excitability
-muscle twitching
-numbness
-tingling
-trousseau's & Chvostek's signs
-seizures
-irregular heart beat
-DIARRHEA

Front 46

interventions for hypocalcemia

Back 46

-place pt on seizure precautions
-IV calcium as ordered
-oral calcium supplements, taken w/ vit D
-foods
-calcium should never be given IM.

Front 47

causes of hypercalcemia

Back 47

-hyperparathyroidism
-metastatic bone cancer
-bone loss
-high ca intake antacids
-vit D intoxication
-dehydration
-immobilization

Front 48

S & S of hypercalcemia

Back 48

-neuromuscular weakness
-lack of coordination
-lethargy
-confusion
-convulsions
-coma
-impaired memory
-irregular puse/heartbeat
-CONSTIPATION

Front 49

interventions for hypercalcemia

Back 49

-assess pt for s/s of hypercalcemia
-assess pt level of consciousness
-seizure precautions
-assess if pt is on digoxin therapy
-intravenous fluids
-IV bisphosphonates
-check pt EDG for changes.