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35 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Calcium
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9.0-10.5
Decreased: malabsorption, renal failure, acute pancreatitis Increased: hyperparathyroidism (too much PTH - lithium side effect) |
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Potassium
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3.5-5.0
Decreased: N/V, gastric suction, diarrhea Increased: kidney failure, Addison's (low alderstrone), ACE/ARB drug interaction, Type 1 diabetes, potassium sparing diuretics |
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ALT/AST
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8-20//5-40
Increased: Liver disease, hepatitis, cirrhosis |
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Alkaline Phosphatase
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42-128
Increased: hepatic disease, biliary obstruction |
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Bilirubin
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0.1-1.0
Increased: hemolysis, biliary obstruction, hepatic damage |
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Ammonia
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15-110
Increased: hepatic damage (encephalopathy or cirrhosis) |
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Amylase/Lipase
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25-125//0-110
Increased: acute pancreatitis |
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Cholesterol
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<200
Increased: pancreatitis, biliary obstruction Decreased: liver cell damage |
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TSH
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0.3-5.0
High: hypothyroidism Low: hyperthyroidism/Grave's |
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T3/T4
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70-205//4-12
High: hyperthyroidism Low: hypothyroidism |
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Creatinine
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0.5-1.2
High: kidney damage Low: decreased muscle mass |
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BUN
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10-20
High: hepatic/renal disease, dehydration, GI bleed, steroids Low: malnutrition, fluid volume overload, severe hepatic damage |
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Urinalysis- Color
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Pale yellow
Dark amber: concentrated Very pale: diluted Dark red: blood, myoglobin Dark brown: bilirubin |
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Urinalysis- Odor
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Urine aroma
Foul: infection, dehydration, drugs |
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Urinalysis- Turbidity
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Clear
Cloudy: infection, sediment, protein |
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Specific Gravity
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1.005-1.030
High: decreased kidney perfusion, inappropriate antidiuretic secretion, CHF Low: CKD, diabetes insipidus, malignant HTN, diuretics, lithium toxicity |
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Urine pH
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4.6-8 Average 6
Changes: diet, drugs, infection, acid balance, altered renal function |
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Urinalysis- Glucose
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<0.5 g/day
Presence reflects hyperglycemia or decrease in renal threshold for glucose |
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Urinalysis- Ketones
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None
Presence reflects incomplete metabolism of fatty acids- diabetic ketoacidosis, prolonged fasting, anorexia |
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Urinalysis-Protein
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0.8 mg/dL
High: stress, infection, strenuous exercise, glomerular disorders |
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Urinalysis-Bilirubin
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None
Presence suggests liver or biliary disease or obstruction |
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Urinalysis-RBCs
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0-2
High: tumor, stones, trauma, glomerular disorders, cystitis |
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Urinalysis-WBCs
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0-5
High: infectious/inflammatory process in renal/urinary tract, renal transplant rejection, fever |
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Urinalysis-Casts
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None or a few
Indicates bacteria or protein presence- severe kidney disease or urinary calculi |
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Urinalysis-Crystals
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None
Presence of normal or abnormal crystals may indicate that the specimen had been allowed to stand |
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Urinalysis-Bacteria
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<1000 colonies/mL
UTI (still needs urine culture to confirm) |
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Urinalysis-Parasites
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None
Presence of Trichomonas vaginalis indicates infection, usually of the urethra, prostate, or vagina |
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Urinalysis-Leukoesterase
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None
Presence suggests UTI |
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Urinalysis-Nitrites
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Presence suggests urinary E. coli and UTI
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Serum Creatinine
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0.5-1.2
Increases in kidney disease |
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Serum magnesium
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1.3-2.1
Increased in kidney disease |
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Bicarbonate
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21-28
Decreased in kidney disease |
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Hemoglobin
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12-18
Decreases in kidney disease |
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Hematocrit
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37%-52%
Decreases to 20% in kidney disease |
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Blood osmolarity
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285-295
Elevated in volume depleted states, increasing the risk for acute tubular necrosis |
