Lab Values

Front 1

What does a CBC contain?

Back 1

RBC, H&H, platelet, WBC and differential.

Front 2

What are some reasons for increased RBC?

Back 2

Increased tissue demands for O2, high altitude, rigorous physical training, chronic lung disease, congenital heart defects, polycythemi vera

Front 3

What is a RBC count?

Back 3

Number of RBC per cubic mm.

Front 4

What is the main purpose of a RBC?

Back 4

Transport O2 from lungs to the tissues and CO2 from the tissues to the lungs.

Front 5

Average RBC count?

Back 5

4.0-6.2

Front 6

Lifespan of a RBC?

Back 6

4 months

Front 7

Nursing concerns of high RBC?

Back 7

Elevated RBC can lead to clotting, maintain hydration, and encourage activity.

Front 8

Reasons for low RBC?

Back 8

Hemorrhage, destruction of RBC, lack of protein or iron or erythropoietin, bone marrow suppression from radiation or chemo.

Front 9

Nursing concerns for RBC?

Back 9

Anemia

Front 10

What is hemoglobin?

Back 10

Number of grams of Hgb in a deciliter of whole blood.

Front 11

Reasons for increased HGB?

Back 11

Any increase must be considered in relation to the number and size of RBC, vitamin B12 deficiency, folic acid deficiency.

Front 12

Reasons for decreased HGB?

Back 12

Decreased # of RBC, acute blood loss, sickle cell, thalassemia minor and major, iron deficiency.

Front 13

Hematocrit

Back 13

The proportion or percentage of volume of blood occupied by RBC. Hydration status must be WNL.

Front 14

Reason for increased HCT

Back 14

Decreased plasma volume from dehydration or burns, increased number and or size of RBC.

Front 15

Reasons for decreased HCT

Back 15

Overhydration, decreased number of RBC

Front 16

What does a Schillings test test for?

Back 16

Pernicious anemia

Front 17

Differential (WBC)

Back 17

Counts individual counts of 5 types of WBC

Front 18

Absolute count

Back 18

Performed by machine. Counts EVERY WBC. Fast and accurate.

Front 19

Manual count

Back 19

Performed by a technician. Designated as a %.

Front 20

Reasons for increase in WBC

Back 20

Inection, inflammation, tissue necrosis

Front 21

Reason for decreases in WBC

Back 21

Chemo, leukemia, viral infections

Front 22

Leukocytosis

Back 22

Increase in WBC

Front 23

Leukopenia

Back 23

Low WBC

Front 24

What is a neurophil?

Back 24

1st line of defense in tissue damage, bacterial infection, and severe stress. Phagocytic.

Front 25

Seg

Back 25

Mature neutrophil.

Front 26

Bands

Back 26

Immature neutrophil

Front 27

Reason for increased neutrophils

Back 27

Bacterial infection, stress, inflammatory processes, tissue necrosis, malignancies.

Front 28

Nursing concerns for increased neutrophils.

Back 28

Prevent further exposure to infectious diseases, administer antimicrobial medications, promote rest and fluids, monitor temp and WBC count.

Front 29

Reasons for decreased neutrophils.

Back 29

Some unusual bacterial infections, some viral diseases, overwhelming infection, depressed bone marrow, radiation or chemo, some antibiotics, some psychotropic drugs.

Front 30

Nursing concerns with low neutrophils

Back 30

Neutropenia

Front 31

Eosinophils

Back 31

Associated with antigen antibody reactions, part of the inflammatory response, they phagocytize antigen antibody complexes.

Front 32

Reason for increased eosinophils

Back 32

Allergic reactions, asthma, hay fever, or drug hypersensitivities, parasitic infections, neoplasms, certain skin diseases.

Front 33

Reasons for decreased eosinophils

Back 33

Adrenocorticosteroids, purulent infections

Front 34

Nursing concerns for decreased neutrophils

Back 34

Elevated eosinophils demonstrate a history of allergies.

Front 35

Basophils

Back 35

Granulocytes commonly involved in modifying or calming systemic allergy or anaphylactic reactions, release heparin, histamine, and serotonin into the circulation during an inflammatory response.

Front 36

Reason for increased basophils

Back 36

Post acute inflammation or chronic inflammation, hypersensitivity reactions, leukemia, post radiation therapy.

Front 37

Reasons for decreased basophils

Back 37

Corticosteroids, allergic reactions, acute infections, hyperthyoidism, stress.

Front 38

During time of acute need, bone marrow functions over time. Massive production results in partial loss of quality control concerning immaturity of the cells released into peripheral blood.

Back 38

Shift to the left

Front 39

What increased in the WBC during a shift to the left?

Back 39

Segs and bands

Front 40

What makes a happy RBC?

Back 40

Folic acid, B12, functioning liver, stomach and kidneys

Front 41

What kind of people have a hard time with B12 and folic acid?

Back 41

ETOH and malnourished

Front 42

MCV -

Mean corpuscular volume

Back 42

Average size of RBC

Front 43

Microcytic RBC can be indicative of ?

Back 43

GI bleed or iron deficiency

Front 44

Macrocytic RBC can be indicative of ?

Back 44

Folic acid and B12

Front 45

MCH-

Mean corpuscular hemoglobin

Back 45

Average amount of Hgb per RBC by weight.

Front 46

MCHC

Mean corupuscular hgb concentration

Back 46

Average % of RBC occupied by hgb
COLOR

Front 47

Not enough color means __________

Back 47

Not enough iron

Front 48

Microcytic anemia

Back 48

9/10 with iron deficient anemia
Exercise/Male or female/growing kid

Front 49

Macrocytic anemia

Back 49

RBC 300,000,000
MCV > 100 fL

Front 50

MCV 100-120
What should you think?

Back 50

Alcohol

Front 51

MCV > 120

Back 51

Think B12, folic acid, dietary, binge

Front 52

Common cause of macrocytosis?

Back 52

B12/folate deficiency, chronic liver disease, excess alcohol, myelodysplasia, chronic malabsorption (cant get B12 and folate)

Front 53

Less common causes of macrocytosis?

Back 53

Haemolysis, myeloma, bone marrow disorders, hypothyroidism, strict vegetarians.

Front 54

Normocytic anemia

Back 54

RBC 3,000,000
MCV and MCH are normal
CRF (not releasing erythropoeiten), hypothyroidism, chronic inflammation, TB, cancer (unless bleed is involved)

Front 55

RBC distribution with RDW

Back 55

Measure of RBC size variation
Increased in iron deficiency
Normal in thalassemia trait
Normal/Raised in anemia of chronic disease.
Can be high in megaloblastic anemia.

Front 56

An increase in the RDW can mean

Back 56

Acute iron deficiency anemia, tiny, no iron

Front 57

Thalassemia is

Back 57

a blood disorder passed down through families (inherited) in which the body makes an abnormal form of hemoglobin, the protein in red blood cells that carries oxygen. The disorder results in excessive destruction of red blood cells and anemia.

Front 58

Normal BUN

Back 58

6-21

Front 59

Critical BUN

Back 59

> 100

Front 60

If BUN goes up and creatinine stays the same...

Back 60

Possible dehydration

Front 61

If BUN is increased it can be due to

Back 61

Prerenal causes, renal causes and post renal causes

Front 62

A decrease in BUN may be due to?

Back 62

Liver failure (cant metabolize protein), overhydration due to SIADH, neg nitrogen balance, pregnancy or nephrotic syndrome.

Front 63

Creatinine is a direct measure of what?

Back 63

Renal function

Front 64

Which elevates slower? BUN or creatinine?

Back 64

Creatinine

Front 65

Normal Creatinine

Back 65

0.44-1.03

Front 66

Critical creatinine

Back 66

4

Front 67

Increases in creatinine can be caused by?

Back 67

Diseases affecting renal function such as glomerulonephritis, pyelonephritis, acute tubular nephrosis, UTI, diabetic neuropathy, nephritis. Acromegaly and gigantism.

Front 68

Decrease in creatinine is caused by

Back 68

Debilitation or decreased muscle mass

Front 69

BUN/Creatinine ratio increases when

Back 69

hypovolemic

Front 70

BUN/Creatinine ratio decreases when

Back 70

hypervolemic

Front 71

CMP includes

Back 71

All components of BMP, albumin, ALP, ALT, AST and bilirubin.

Front 72

ALP

Back 72

Detects and monitors bone disease

Front 73

Normal ALP

Back 73

30-120

Front 74

Increases in ALP can be caused by

Back 74

Primary cirrhosis, intrahepatic/extrahepatic bilirubin, metastatic liver tumor, hyperparathyroidism, paget disease, normal growing bones in children, bone mets, healing fracture, intestinal ischemia.

Front 75

Decrease in ALP can be caused by

Back 75

Hypophosphatemia, malnutrition, milk alkali syndrome, pernicious anemia, scurvy

Front 76

GGT is specific to?

Back 76

Biliary lining

Front 77

If ALP is elevated look to?

Back 77

GGT