Lab Test 3 Endocrine

Front 1

list the endocrine glands

Back 1

pituitary, adrenal, pineal, thyroid, parathyroid, thymus, adrenal gland, pancreas, ovary & testes

Front 2

which gland is a neuroendocrine organ?

Back 2

hypothalmus

Front 3

which endorcrine glands are in the brain? (3)

Back 3

pineal, hypothalmus, pituitary

Front 4

which endorcrine glands are in the neck? (2)

Back 4

thyroid, parathyroid

Front 5

which endocrine gland is near the heart?

Back 5

thymus gland

Front 6

which endocrine glands are in the thoracic cavity? (2)

Back 6

adrenal glands (2), pancreas

Front 7

which endocrine glands are in the gonads?

Back 7

ovaries or testes

Front 8

What does the Endocrine system do?

Back 8

It uses chemical messengers (hormones) secreted into the blood

Front 9

What system monitors changes in the internal environment and make appropriate responses to maintain homeostasis?

Back 9

Endocrine & Nervous Systems

Front 10

What is an alternate name for the Pituitary Gland?

Back 10

Hypophysis

Front 11

Where is the Pituitary Gland located?

Back 11

sits in the sella turcica of the sphenoid bone

Front 12

What glad is the hypthalmus attached to via the infundibulum?

Back 12

Pituitary Gland

Front 13

The Pituitary gland has two lobes one is anterior and one is posterior, name them both.

Back 13

anterior-adenohypophysis
posterior-neurohypophysis

Front 14

The two lobes of the Pituitary gland are controlled by what?

Back 14

Hypothalmus

Front 15

What gland is located anterior to the trachea and just inferior to the larynx?

Back 15

Thyroid Gland

Front 16

The Thyroid gland is shaped like a ____________ with a thin connecting piece called the ____________.

Back 16

butterfly
isthmus

Front 17

Name the two type of cells found within the thyroid gland.

Back 17

Follicular cells
Parafollicular cells

Front 18

What does the follicular cell produce?

Back 18

thyroid hormone

Front 19

What does the parafollicular cells produce?

Back 19

calcitonin

Front 20

What glands sit atop each kidney?

Back 20

Adrenal Glands

Front 21

Name the two main layers to the Adrenal glands.

Back 21

Medulla
Cortex

Front 22

What layer of the Adrenal Glands produces epinephrine and norepinephrine when stimulated by the sympathetic division?

Back 22

The inner area or the Medulla

Front 23

What layer of the Adrenal glands makes up the outer area with three distinct zones?

Back 23

Cortex

Front 24

Name the three zones of the cortex within the Adrenal glands.

Back 24

Zona glomerulosa
Zona fasiculata
Zona reticularis

Front 25

Which of the three zones is the most superficial layer and produces mineralocorticoids like aldosterone?

Back 25

zona glomerulosa

Front 26

Which of the three zones is the deepest layer of the cortex and produces small amounts of gonadocorticoids, mostly androgens like testosterone?

Back 26

Zona reticularis

Front 27

Which of the three layers is the middle layer and produces glucocorticoids like cortisol?

Back 27

Zona fasiculata

Front 28

Secretions fro the pituitary gland are controlled by the __________.
a. hypothalamus
b. adrenal medulla
c. thyroid gland
d. testes

Back 28

a. hypothalamus

Front 29

The _________gland sits anterior to the trachea and inferior to the larynx.
a. thyroid
b. anterior pituitary
c. pineal
d. adrenal

Back 29

a. thyroid

Front 30

Parafollicular cells in the thyroid secrete___________.
a. calcitonin
b. thyroid hormone
c. epinephrine
d. testosterone

Back 30

a. calcitonin

Front 31

Which of the following correctly states the order of the areas of the adrenal gland from superficial to deep?
(Adrenal Medulla, MD; Zona Fasiculata, FZ; Zona Glomerulosa, ZG; Zona Reticularis, ZR)
a. ZF; ZG; ZR; AM
b. ZG; ZF; ZR; AM
c. ZG; ZR; ZF; AM
d. AM; ZR; ZG; ZF

Back 31

b. ZG; ZF; ZR; AM

Front 32

Cells affected by the hormone are called its __________.

Back 32

target organ

Front 33

In general, ___________ responses are slower in onset but longer in duration than ___________ responses.

fill in blank correct order endocrine and nervous

Back 33

Endocrine system
nervous system

Front 34

Most hormone secretion is controlled by ______________ – the effect of a hormone will inhibit the further secretion of that hormone.

Back 34

negative feedback

Front 35

Hormones can be steroid or protein based

true or false

Back 35

true

Front 36

____________ hormones bind to receptors on the cell surface and trigger a series of chemical changes within the target cell.
a. steroid based
b. protein based

Back 36

b. protein based

Front 37

__________ hormones actually enter the cell and affect the synthesis of proteins by the target cell.
a. steroid based
b. protein based

Back 37

a. steroid based

Front 38

Which gland is attached to the hypothalamus via the infundibulum?

Back 38

Pituitary gland

Front 39

Anterior pituitary hormones are produced and secreted from the anterior pituitary.

true or false

Back 39

true

Front 40

What hormones secretion is controlled by the hypothalamus via the secretion of tiny amounts of ‘releasing factors’ from neurons originating in the hypothalamus.

Back 40

Anterior pituitary hormones

Front 41

Anterior pituitary hormone share releasing factors.

true or false

Back 41

false- Each ant pit hormone has its own releasing factor.

Front 42

What is the name of the growth hormone?

Back 42

somatotropin

Front 43

Name the hormone with these characteristics and what stimulates it.
*T.O. – mostly skeletal muscle, bones, other CT’s
*Action – increases protein synthesis, lipolysis, and blood glucose (BG)
*Stimulus – GHRF from hypothalamus

Back 43

growth hormone somatotropin
anterior pituitary

Front 44

Name all of the hormones controlled from the anterior pituitary. There are 5.

Back 44

growth hormone
thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH)
Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)
Gonadotropins (FSH, LH)
Prolactin (PRL)

Front 45

Stimulates thyroid to secrete thyroid hormone

Back 45

TSH

Front 46

Stimulus – thyrotropin releasing factor from the hypothalamus. TRF is secreted when metabolic rate is too low.

Back 46

TSH

Front 47

T.O. – thyroid

Back 47

TSH

Front 48

Name the hormone with these characteristics and what stimulates it.
T.O. – thyroid
Stimulates thyroid to secrete thyroid hormone
Stimulus – thyrotropin releasing factor from the hypothalamus. TRF is secreted when metabolic rate is too low.

Back 48

TSH
Anterior pituitary

Front 49

Name the hormone with these characteristics and what stimulates it.
TO – adrenal cortex
Action – stimulates adrenal cortex to secrete ‘cortisol’
Stimulus – corticotopic releasing factor from the hypothalamus.

Back 49

Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)
anterior pituitary

Front 50

TO – adrenal cortex

Back 50

Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)

Front 51

Action – stimulates adrenal cortex to secrete ‘cortisol’

Back 51

Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)

Front 52

Stimulus – corticotopic releasing factor from the hypothalamus.

Back 52

Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)

Front 53

Name the hormone with these characteristics and what stimulates it.
TO – ovaries and testes
Action – see reproductive system
Stimulus – GnRF from the hypothalamus

Back 53

Gonadotropins (FSH, LH)
anterior pituitary

Front 54

TO – ovaries and testes

Back 54

Gonadotropins (FSH, LH)

Front 55

Action – see reproductive system

Back 55

Gonadotropins (FSH, LH)

Front 56

Stimulus – GnRF from the hypothalamus

Back 56

Gonadotropins (FSH, LH)

Front 57

Name the hormone with these characteristics and what stimulates it.
TO - mammary glands
Action – stimulates milk production. PRL is one of three hormones involved with lactation.
Stimulus – PRF from the hypothalamus

Back 57

Prolactin (PRL)
anterior pituitary

Front 58

TO - mammary glands

Back 58

Prolactin (PRL)

Front 59

Action – stimulates milk production. PRL is one of three hormones involved with lactation.

Back 59

Prolactin (PRL)

Front 60

Stimulus – PRF from the hypothalamus

Back 60

Prolactin (PRL)

Front 61

_________________________ are secreted from the posterior pituitary, but are actually produced by neurons originating in the hypothalamus.

Back 61

Posterior pituitary hormones

Front 62

The neurons have cell bodies in the hypothalamus and their axons extend along the infundibulum and into the posterior pituitary.

true or false

Back 62

true

Front 63

Name the two hormones controlled by the posterior pituitary.

Back 63

Oxytocin
ADH

Front 64

Name the hormone with these characteristics and what stimulates it.
TO – mammary glands and uterus
Action – milk release by the mammaries,
strong contractions of late labor
Stimulus – suckling, stretching of uterine wall

Back 64

Oxytocin
posterior pituitary

Front 65

TO – mammary glands and uterus

Back 65

Oxytocin

Front 66

Action – milk release by the mammaries,
strong contractions of late labor

Back 66

Oxytocin

Front 67

Stimulus – suckling, stretching of uterine wall

Back 67

Oxytocin

Front 68

Name the hormone with these characteristics and what stimulates it.
TO – kidney
A – increase water reabsorption and therefore a decrease in urine volume
Stimulus – increase in solute concentration in the blood as monitored by ‘osmoreceptors’ in the hypothalamus

Back 68

ADH
Posterior pituitary

Front 69

TO – kidney

Back 69

ADh

Front 70

Action – increase water reabsorption and therefore a decrease in urine volume

Back 70

ADH

Front 71

Stimulus – increase in solute concentration in the blood as monitored by ‘osmoreceptors’ in the hypothalamus

Back 71

ADH

Front 72

The thyroid glands has two types of cells, name them.

Back 72

follicular cells
parafollicular cells

Front 73

Parafollicular cells produce what?
a. testosterone
b. calcitonin
c. thyroid hormone
d. estrogen

Back 73

b. calictonin

Front 74

Name the hormone with these characteristics and what stimulates it.
TO – most cells
Action - increases overall metabolic rate thereby increasing glucose use, oxygen consumption, and heat production.
Stimulus – The hypothalamus monitors overall metabolic rate. If it falls too low then TRF is secreted, this triggers secretion of TSH by the pituitary, TSH then stimulates the thyroid to secrete TH.

Back 74

Thyroid hormone
Thyroid gland-follicular cells

Front 75

TO – most cells

Back 75

Thyroid hormone

Front 76

Action - increases overall metabolic rate thereby increasing glucose use, oxygen consumption, and heat production.

Back 76

Thyroid hormone

Front 77

Stimulus – The hypothalamus monitors overall metabolic rate. If it falls too low then TRF is secreted, this triggers secretion of TSH by the pituitary, TSH then stimulates the thyroid to secrete TH.

Back 77

Thyroid Hormone

Front 78

Name the two types of Thyroid hormones.

Back 78

T3 – tri-iodothyronine
T4 - thyroxin

Front 79

Both T3 – tri-iodothyronine & T4 - thyroxin require iodine in their synthesis.

true or false

Back 79

true

Front 80

Name the only place in the body where idodine is used?

Back 80

Thyroid

Front 81

Name the hormone with these characteristics and what stimulates it.
TO – bones
Action – lowers blood Ca++ concentration
by increasing Ca++ uptake into the bones, and decreasing resorption from the bone.
Stimulus – high blood [Ca++]
Inhibition – low blood [Ca++]

Back 81

Calcitonin
Thyroid gland-parafollicular cells

Front 82

TO – bones

Back 82

Calcitonin

Front 83

Action – lowers blood Ca++ concentration
by increasing Ca++ uptake into the bones, and decreasing resorption from the bone.

Back 83

Calcitonin

Front 84

Stimulus – high blood [Ca++]
Inhibition – low blood [Ca++]

Back 84

Calictonin

Front 85

What is four small glands on the posterior surface of the thyroid?

Back 85

parathyroid glands

Front 86

Name the hormone with these characteristics and what stimulates it.
TO – bone, kidney, intestine
Action – increase [Ca++]blood by increasing bone resorption, kidney reabsorption, and intestinal absorption
Stimulus – low [Ca++]blood

Back 86

Parathyroid hormone (PTH)
Parathyroid gland

Front 87

TO – bone, kidney, intestine

Back 87

PTH

Front 88

Action – increase [Ca++]blood by increasing bone resorption, kidney reabsorption, and intestinal absorption

Back 88

PTH

Front 89

Stimulus – low [Ca++]blood

Back 89

PTH

Front 90

Name the hormone with these characteristics and what stimulates it.
TO – kidney
Action – increases water reabsorption and hence decreases urine output by increasing the reabsorption of sodium.
Stimulus – low [Na+]blood, large amounts of ACTH, angiotensin II

Back 90

Aldosterone
Adrenal GLands

Front 91

TO – kidney

Back 91

Aldosterone

Front 92

Action – increases water reabsorption and hence decreases urine output by increasing the reabsorption of sodium.

Back 92

Aldosterone

Front 93

Stimulus – low [Na+]blood, large amounts of ACTH, angiotensin II

Back 93

Aldosterone

Front 94

Name the hormone with these characteristics and what stimulates it.
TO – most cells
Action – Normal secretions help maintain blood glucose levels between meals, especially at night. High levels help the body deal with extreme stress by promoting gluconeogenesis and lipolysis saving glucose for neural use. It also moderates the immune and inflammatory response.
Stimulus – ACTH from the ant pit

Back 94

Cortisol
Adrenal Glands

Front 95

TO – most cells

Back 95

Cortisol

Front 96

Action – Normal secretions help maintain blood glucose levels between meals, especially at night. High levels help the body deal with extreme stress by promoting gluconeogenesis and lipolysis saving glucose for neural use. It also moderates the immune and inflammatory response.

Back 96

Cortisol

Front 97

Stimulus – ACTH from the ant pit

Back 97

Cortisol

Front 98

What is located in the LUQ, just posterior to the stomach?

Back 98

pancreas

Front 99

Name the two distinct histological areas of the pancreas?

Back 99

Acinar cells
islets of langerhans

Front 100

Which histological area of the pancreas produce digestive enzymes. Exocrine function.

Back 100

Acinar cells

Front 101

Which histological area of the pancreas has endocrine cells (alpha cells that secrete glucagon
& beta cells that secrete insulin)?

Back 101

Islets of langerhans

Front 102

Name the two types of cells within the islets of Langerhans?

Back 102

alpha cells that secrete glucagon
beta cells that secrete insulin

Front 103

Name the hormone with these characteristics and what stimulates it.
TO – mostly muscle and adipose, and also the liver
Action – facilitates the entrance of glucose from the blood and into the muscle and adipose cells, and stimulates the conversion of glucose to glycogen (glycogenesis) in the liver, thereby lowering blood glucose
Stimulus – high BG
Inhibition – low BG

Back 103

insulin
pancreas Islets of langerhorns (beta cells)

Front 104

TO – mostly muscle and adipose, and also the liver

Back 104

insulin

Front 105

Action – facilitates the entrance of glucose from the blood and into the muscle and adipose cells, and stimulates the conversion of glucose to glycogen (glycogenesis) in the liver, thereby lowering blood glucose

Back 105

insulin

Front 106

Stimulus – high BG
Inhibition – low BG

Back 106

insulin

Front 107

Name the hormone with these characteristics and what stimulates it.
TO – liver
Action – stimulates glycogenolysis (conversion of glycogen to glucose) and gluconeogenesis (conversion of fats and amino acids to glucose) thereby increasing BG
Stimulus – low BG
Inhibition – high BG

Back 107

Glucagon
pancreas islets of Langerhans (alpha cells)

Front 108

TO – liver

Back 108

Glucagon

Front 109

Action – stimulates glycogenolysis (conversion of glycogen to glucose) and gluconeogenesis (conversion of fats and amino acids to glucose) thereby increasing BG

Back 109

glucagon

Front 110

Stimulus – low BG
Inhibition – high BG

Back 110

glucagon