Lab Test 2: Bones

Front 1

Define: osteon

Back 1

bone cell of compact bone

Front 2

Define: osteoclast

Back 2

cell that breaks down bone

Front 3

Define: osteoblast

Back 3

cell that builds bone and lays down extracellular matrix

Front 4

Define: osteocyte

Back 4

mature bone cell; in lacunae of osteon

Front 5

Describe: dense (compact) bone

Back 5

1. surrounds spongy bone
2. point of muscle-bone attachment (tendon)

Front 6

Describe: spongy bone

Back 6

1. inside dense bone
2. site of blood cell formation

Front 7

Describe: Long bone

Back 7

1. epiphysis
2. diaphysis
3. medullary cavity
4. metaphysis

Front 8

Define: diaphysis

Back 8

1. the shaft which is a cylinder of dense bone

Front 9

Define: epiphysis

Back 9

1. endo fo a long bone (distal and proximal)
2. red marrow persists here

Front 10

Define: medullary cavity

Back 10

1. center of the shaft
2. mature long bones will contain yellow marrow

Front 11

Define: periosteum

Back 11

1. dense fibrous connective tissue and covers the extern surface of the bone
2. does NOT cover the ends of long bone
3. tendons and ligaments attach to bone via periosteum

Front 12

Define: endosteum

Back 12

1. dense fibrous connective tissue that lines the internal surface of the one (medullary cavity), the centeral cavity of an osteon, and the surface of spongy bone

Front 13

Define: hyaline cartilage

Back 13

1. covers distal ends of epiphysis and is important in bone protection during movement at the joints

Front 14

Describe: long bone

Back 14

1. longer than it is wide
2. ex: arm and leg bones

Front 15

Describe: short bone

Back 15

1. box-like or cube-like in appearance
2. central cavity contains red marrow
3. ex: carpal bones

Front 16

Describe: flat bones

Back 16

1. sandwich like
2. central cavity contains red marrow
3. ex: most of the cranial bones

Front 17

Describe: irregular bones

Back 17

1. bones with projecting, notched, or ridged regions making it hard to see a defined shape
2. ex: vertebrae

Front 18

Describe: sesamoid bones

Back 18

1. bones that develop inside a tendon
2. round
3. ex: patella

Front 19

Define: Synovial joint

Back 19

synovial fluid contained in a membranous sac allows freedom of movement at these joints

Front 20

Describe: ball and socket joint

Back 20

1. ex: heads of humerus and femur

Front 21

Describe: hinge joint

Back 21

1. motion is in only one plane like the hinge of a door or a piano lid
2. ex: elbow

Front 22

Describe: gliding joint

Back 22

1. very limited motion of sliding
2. ex: wrist

Front 23

Describe: pivot joint

Back 23

1. like the hinge joint allows motion in one plane, but motion is rotational
2. ex: atlas and axis

Front 24

Types of joints

Back 24

1. synovial
2. cartilaginous
3. fibrous
4. fusion

Front 25

Define:cartilaginous joints

Back 25

1. fibrocartilage connects neighboring bones
2. ex: intervertebral discs, pubic symphysis

Front 26

Define: fibrous joints

Back 26

1. sheet of connective tissue between neighboring bones
2. ex: radius and ulna
3. ex: tibia and fibula
4. ex: most bones in the skull

Front 27

Define: fusion joint

Back 27

1. bone is fused to bone
2. ex: frontal bone just above the nasal bone

Front 28

Define: tendon

Back 28

connective tissue connecting bone to muscle

Front 29

Define: ligament

Back 29

connective tissue connecting bone to bone