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23 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Storage of acid |
Corrosive Irreversible damage to people and surfaces Should be stored in an acid cabinet Store in secondary plastic/propylene trays by type In case of a bottle breaking, or leaking Organic acids Formic Acetic Inorganic acids Sulfuric Hydrochloric Nitric |
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Storage of bases |
Corrosive Irreversible damage to people and surfaces Should be stored in a separate base cabinet Commonly used in histopathology Ammonium hydroxide Sodium hydroxide Potassium hydroxide Strong bases that should be stored apart Sodium hypochlorite (bleach) and ammonia When mixed together can make toxic gases Chloramine Hydrazine Most labs store with their cleaning solutions Usually under the sink – not ideal but works |
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Storage of flammables |
Flammables GHS Definition flammable liquid Liquid having a flash point of no more than 93 C Amount you can store in your area based on Square footage Fire rating of doors, floors, walls and ceilings Ventilation system capability Fire suppression type Number and type of fire extinguishers Commonly used in histopathology Alcohol Acetone Formaldehyde Isopentane Xylene Xylene substitutes Less commonly used Ether Chlorofrom |
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General flammable liquid facts |
General storage for flammable liquids Make certain cabinets are kept in the locked position Keep away from flames, heat sources, sparks andelectrical outlets Store in NFPA or DOT approved safety cans If storing in bulk (55 gallon drums) ground the metalcontainers to prevent an electrical discharge Store separate from oxidizers Do not store in “home versions” of refrigerators andfreezers Must be explosion proof Low flash point flammables can explode from the sparkof the refrigerator/freezer motor clicking on |
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Storage of oxidizers |
Chemicals that release oxygen when exposed to otherchemicals Increased fire hazards Should never be stored with other chemicals Chemicals used in histopathology Benzoyl peroxide Chromium trioxide Hydrogen peroxide (greater than 8%) Mercuric oxide Periodic acid Potassium dichromate Potassium iodate Potassium permangante Sodium iodate |
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Storage of explosives |
Have a sudden release of pressure gas or head due to Sudden shock – dropping, shaking, etc Pressure changes Increasing temperature Static electricity Sunlight Stored in places where if they do explode, will causeminimal damage Boom room Explosive magazine Used in Histopathology Picric acid – if allowed to dry out Aluminum chloride anhydrous Benzoyl Peroxide - dry |
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Storage of toxic chemicals |
Can exhibit effects after short term or long termexposure Should be stored in a cool, well-ventilated area,away from heat and light Keep minimum quantities on hand at one time Examples in histopathology Cacodylate buffer – contains arsenic Chromic acid Osmium tetroxide Uranyl nitrate |
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Mutagenic vs. Carcinogenic |
Mutagenic chemicals can cause DNA changes in cells Carcinogenic chemicals can cause cancer No specific place for storage, storage rules Keep minimal amounts on hand Mutagenic chemicals Chloroform Methanol Mercuric chloride Osmium tetroxide Potassium dichromate Toluene Xylene Carcinogenic Basic fuchsin Chloroform Diaminobenzideine (DAB) Congo red Ponceau de xylidine Potassium dichromate Uranyl nitrate Arsenic salts |
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Storage of radioactive material |
Different types require different safetyprecautions If emits Alpha particles Safest Stopped by a piece of paper If emits beta particles Need thicker walls for storage Around the thickness of a book If emits gamma rays Need 3 feet of concrete surrounding it Used in histopathology Uranyl nitrate and uranyl acetate Emits alpha and beta particles |
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OSHA air contaminants standards |
There are several hundred chemicals that have exposure limits Each chemical has a different exposure limit PEL = permissible exposure limit – take total amount employee is exposed(PPM) to and divide by the amount of hours they worked (usually 8) STEL = Short Term Exposure Limit – the worst 15 minutes of the day If exposure exceed limits employer must take steps to immediatelycorrect the problem Change work practices Improve ventilation OSHA approved respirator – if necessary Exposure records must be maintained by the employer for a length oftime after the duration of employment ends |
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List of chemicals that must be monitored per OSHA |
Large list of chemicals that must be monitored, depending on whatemployees encounter Chemicals encountered in the histopathology lab Formaldehyde Xylene Toluene Acetone N, N, Dimethylformamide Methanol Phenol |
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What is the OSHA formaldehyde standard? |
Anyone who works with formaldehyde must bemonitored for exposure PEL Broken into Action level 0.5 PPM PEL above 0.75 PPM STEL 2.0 ppm Monitoring should be done When a new lab is set up When there is a change in work practices When there is a complaint of respiratory symptoms |
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What do the OSHA formaldehyde standard levels mean? |
If below 0.5 PPM Employer must provide you with Gloves Gowns Goggles Give you specific training If between 0.5PPM and 0.75PPM Employee must be sent to occupational health A medical survey with a focus on respiratory function isperformed Changes must be made to work practices – to lower thelevel Monitoring must be done on a periodic basis until thelevel lowers If PEL>.75 or STEL > 2.00 Employees must wear respirators Signs must be placed outside the area warning aboutthe hazards and that employees must wear respirators |
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What is a chemical hygiene plan? LABORATORY STANDARD |
Must have a chemical hygiene plan Includes a set of standard operating procedures thataddress the hazards in your work place Criteria for invoking the use of specific exposure controlmeasures Assurance that fume hoods are working properly Identification of activities that are hazardous enough torequire employer approval before an employee canperform them Must have a designated chemical hygiene officer |
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A good chemical hygiene plan includes what information? |
General lab design Ventilation Hoods Stock Rooms Chemical procurement, distribution and storage Environmental monitoring Housekeeping, Maintenance and Inspections Medical Program Protective apparel and equipment Records Signs and labels Spills and accidents Information and Training program Waste disposal program Basic rules and procedures for working with chemicals |
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HAZARD COMMUNICATION STANDARD Explain the "Right to Know Law" |
SDS sheets must be on file and readily accessible to allemployees All chemicals must be labeled by name and with theappropriate hazard warning The standard defines the hazards Employees must be given training on the hazards ofthe chemicals in their workplace and how to worksafely with them Upon initial assignment in the workplace Whenever a new hazard is introuduced |
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REVISED HAZARD COMMUNICATION!!! GHS - Globally Harmonized System (labeling chemicals) |
Provides specific criteria to determine the hazard of a chemicaland supplies the wording for the label Employers must have trained their employees about thenew labeling system and safety data sheets by December1, 2013 As of June 1, 2015, all labels will be required to have Pictograms a signal word Hazard and precautionary statements Product identifier Supplier identification By June 1, 2016 employers must update their hazardcommunication program and provide additionaltraining for newly identified hazards |
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16 Sections of the SDS |
1. Identification2. Hazardidentification3. Composition4. First aid measures5. Firefightingmeasures6. Accidental releasemeasures7. Handling andstorage8. Exposurecontrols/personalprotectionPhysical/Chemicalproperties10. Stability andreactivity11. Toxicologicalinformation12. **Ecologicalinformation13. **Disposalconsiderations14. **Transportinformation15. **Regulatoryinformation16. **Other information |
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What is the bloodborne pathogens standard? |
Applies to anyone that might be exposed toinfectious disease organisms Written specifically because of AIDS and Hepatitis Employer must Have a written exposure control plan Identifies jobs and tasks that put people at risk Must contain procedures for Safe work practices How exposure incidences are handled Have a training program |
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What is the HAZWOPER |
Hazardous waste operations: Employees are covered by the laboratorystandard for most laboratory spills This is for people that are parts of HAZMAT teamsfor large or uncontrolled spills |
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What is the EPA? |
Tightly regulates the jobs of Waster haulers and waste water treatment plants Does not directly control day to day efforts ofthe lab Laboratory may be involved if there is grossor willful violation of hazard wasteregulations Laboratory may be fined by wastewatertreatment facilities if they violate their rules |
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What is DOT |
Department of transportation Regulates shipping of hazardous chemicalsand biohazard specimens |
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What does CDC regulate |
Tuberculosis Exposure standards Originally Released in 1990, due to alarming increasein incidence of drug resistant tuberculosis Updated in 1994 Primary mode of transmission is airborne, patientfacing workers are at higher risk of infection. Certain lab tasks increase risk of infection Grossing Cryosectioning Protection form exposure Proper ventilation Abstain from any procedures that aerosolize the particles No cryogenic sprays PPEs Gloves, gowns and N95 respirators Protocols in place to keep track of exposure |
