Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
173 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
How do Rotifers move? (3 possibilities) |
1) some are sessile, 2) some use foot to creep, 3) some use cilia on corona |
|
|
What is the excretion system of Rotifers? |
Protonephridia empty into bladder |
|
What is A? |
Head |
|
What is B? |
Trunk
|
|
What is C? |
Foot
|
|
What is D? |
Corona
|
|
What is E? |
Flame bulb
|
|
What is F? |
Brain/Eyespots |
|
What is G? |
Mastax |
|
What is H? |
Cloacal bladder |
|
What is I? |
Anus |
|
|
Are Rotifers monoecious or dioecious? |
Dioecious |
|
|
What are the two types of eggs Rotifers have? |
Mictic and Amictic |
|
|
What does it mean when some Rotifers are parthenogenic? |
Females produce offspring without male fertilization of egg using amictic eggs |
|
|
What is an example of a class of Rotifers that are parthenogenic? |
Class Bdelloidea |
|
|
What sex are the diploid amictic eggs in Class Bdelloidea? |
All female |
|
|
What is an example of a genus of Rotifers that are parthnogenic? |
Class Bdelloidea, Genus Philodina |
|
|
What is the mantle in mollusks? |
major structure for gas exchange and shell excretion |
|
|
What is contained inside the visceral mass of mollusks? |
Reproductive, digestive, circulatory, and respiratory organs |
|
|
What are metanephridia? |
Almost-kidneys |
|
|
What kind of circulatory system do mollusks have (besides cephalopods)? |
Open - pumping heart, large vessels and sinuses |
|
|
What is hemolymph? |
Similar in function to blood that circulates through the hemocoel, contains hemocyanin |
|
|
What are veliger larva like? |
Mostly marine, free-swimming, beginnings of foot, mantle, and shell present
|
|
|
What are Glochidium larva all about? |
Freshwater, attach to gills and parasitize fish |
|
|
What are trochophore larva all about? |
Free-swimming after emerging from egg |
|
|
What are the characteristics of class Claudofoveata? (3) |
1) Worm-like, body covered with calcareous scales,
2) Dioecious 3) Gills and radula present |
|
|
What are the characteristics of Class Solenogastres? (3) |
1) Body similar to caudofoveata 2) Monoecious 3) No gills and sometimes no radula |
|
|
What are the characteristics of class Monoplacophora? (1) |
Small, with one low, rounded shell ("one plate bearing") |
|
|
What are the characteristics of class Polyplacophora? (3) |
1) Common name "Chitons" ("many plate bearing") 2) Trochophore larva develop directly into juveniles (no veliger) 3) Small, inhabit intertidal regions |
|
|
How are Bivalves compressed? |
Laterally |
|
|
What are the three shell layers of bivalves? |
Periostracum, Prismatic Layer, and Nacreous layer |
|
|
What layer is the periostracum layer of bivalves? |
The outermost layer that is composed of conchiolin |
|
|
What layer is the prismatic layer of bivalves? |
The middle layer - maxtrix of calcium carbonate prisms |
|
|
What layer is the nacreous layer of bivalves? |
The innermost - wavy layers of nacre cause iridescence (the layer that makes pearls) |
|
|
What are the ctenidia/gills used for in bivalves? (3) |
gas exchange, filter feeding, reproduction |
|
|
Are bivalves usually monoecious or dioecious? |
Dioecious |
|
|
What is the genus name of the freshwater clam? |
Class Bivalvia, Genus Cyrtonaias |
|
|
What is the life cycle of marine bivalves? (4) |
Embryo -> trochophore -> veliger -> adult |
|
|
What is the life cycle of freshwater bivalves? (3) |
Embryo -> glochidium -> adult |
|
What is A? |
Gills |
|
What is B? |
Posterior foot retractor muscle |
|
What is C? |
Posterior adductor muscle |
|
What is E? |
Mantle |
|
What is F? |
Labial palps |
|
What is G? |
Foot |
|
What is H? |
Anterior adductor muscle |
|
What is I? |
Anterior foot retractor muscle |
|
What is N? |
Anus |
|
What is S? |
Auricle |
|
What is I? |
Intestine |
|
What is C? |
digestive glands |
|
what is L? |
Incurrent siphon |
|
What is M? |
Excurrent siphon |
|
What is D? |
Stomach |
|
What is B? |
Heart |
|
What is F? |
Mouth |
|
What is H? |
Gonads |
|
|
What are the characteristics of class Gastropoda? (4) |
1) mostly herbivorous 2) mouth with radula 3) aquatic and terrestrial 4) monoecious and dioecious |
|
What is this, and what is its class? |
Nudibranch, class Gastropoda |
|
|
What does "nudibranch" mean? |
"naked gill" (separates them from other sea slugs) |
|
|
What is the unique feeding habit of nudibranchs? |
They eat cnidarians and incorporate their toxins into their own bodies |
|
|
What are the characteristics of class Scaphopoda? (3) |
1) "tusk shells" 2) benthic, marine organisms 3) dioecious |
|
What is the class and genus? |
Class Scaphopoda, Genus Dentalium |
|
|
What are the shells like in each type of cephalopod? (4) |
Nautilus - external, separate chambers Squid - internal pen Cuttlefish - cuttlebone Octopus - none |
|
|
Are cephalopods monoecious or dioecious? |
Dioecious |
|
|
What is the genus of the regular squid? |
Loligo |
|
|
What is the genus of the giant squid? |
Architeuthis |
|
What is A? |
Arms |
|
What is B? |
Beak |
|
What is C? |
Pen |
|
What is D? |
Mantle |
|
What is E? |
Ink sac |
|
What is F? |
Systemic heart |
|
What is G? |
Gills |
|
What is H? |
Funnel |
|
What is I? |
Radula |
|
|
What nematode is used as a model organism?
|
C. elegans
|
|
|
What is eutely, and what organisms exhibit it?
|
All individuals in a given species possess the same number of cells. Nematodes
|
|
|
What are nematode nervous systems like?
|
Nerve ring, ganglia, dorsal and ventral nerve cord
|
|
|
What muscles do nematodes have?
|
Longitudinal muscles present but no circular muscles
|
|
|
What is the hydrostatic skeleton?
|
Fluid-filled pseudocoel – provides support, aids in muscle movement
|
|
|
What is the cuticle?
|
Thick outer nonliving covering
|
|
|
What are the extretory canals in nematodes used for?
|
Primarily for osmoregulation
|
|
|
What is nematode reproduction like? (3)
|
Sexual only, dioecious, males use spicules and hooked tail to grasp female
|
|
What is A?
|
Pharynx
|
|
What is B?
|
Intestine
|
|
What is C?
|
Genital pore
|
|
What is D?
|
Vagina
|
|
What is E?
|
Oviduct
|
|
What is F?
|
Ovary
|
|
What is G?
|
Pseudocoel
|
|
What is I?
|
Uteri
|
|
What Is J?
|
Mouth
|
|
What is O?
|
Vas deferens
|
|
What is P?
|
Testis
|
|
What is Q?
|
Cloaca
|
|
What is R?
|
Spicules
|
|
What is S?
|
Anus
|
|
|
Is class Rhabditea free-living, parasitic, or both?
|
Both
|
|
|
What class is Ascaris?
|
Class Rhabditea
|
|
|
What are the characteristics of class Enoplea? (2)
|
Mostly free living, excretory system reduced or absent
|
|
|
What class is Trichinella?
|
Class Enoplea
|
|
|
What is Schizocoelous development?
|
The coelom develops from a split in the mesoderm on each side of the gut, forming a part of coelomic compartments in each segment
|
|
|
What is the annelid head called?
|
Prostomium
|
|
|
What is the cuticle for?
|
Protection, reduces desiccation
|
|
|
What is metamerism?
|
Serial repetition of nerves, excretory organs, muscles, and blood vessels
|
|
|
What is each segment of an annelid called?
|
Metamere
|
|
|
What are the advantages of metamerism? (3)
|
allows for independent movement of specific segments (separated by septa), metameres are repetitive, so injury may not prove fatal, specialization of segments
|
|
|
What are setae?
|
Chitinous bristles in many
|
|
|
What is digestive system of annelids like? (3)
|
complete tract with muscular walls, independent movement, not metamerically arranged – runs through all segments
|
|
|
What does the typhlosole do?
|
Increases surface area of intestine
|
|
|
What is the excretion of annelids?
|
Excretion via metanephridia, repeat in each metamere
|
|
|
What is the circulatory system of annelids? (3)
|
Closed circulatory system, major pigment in blood is hemoglobin, blood is pumped by aortic arches, dorsal vessel |
|
|
What is respiration of annelids like?
|
Respiration through gills, skin, or parapodia
|
|
|
What is the nervous system of annelids? (3)
|
Brain is a pair of dorsal cerebral ganglia, double ventral nerve cord, pair of ganglia in each segment
|
|
|
What are the characteristics of annelid reproduction? (3)
|
Monoecious and dioecious, some have trochophore larvae, others have direct development
|
|
|
What does class Errantia mean?
|
“Free-moving”
|
|
|
What are parapodia, and on what are they found?
|
Paired appendages for movement, respiration. Found in class Errantia
|
|
|
What is unique about class Errantia?
|
Well-defined head
|
|
|
What are the charactaristics of class Sedentaria? (3)
|
Sedentary and free-moving, usually doiecious, external fertilization, trochophore larvae
|
|
|
What class is Chaetopterus?
|
Sedentaria
|
|
|
What class is Neanthes and Nereis?
|
Errantia
|
|
|
Is Class Sedentaria monoecious or dioecious?
|
Monoecious
|
|
|
What is the family and genus of the earthworm?
|
Lubricidae, Lumbricus
|
|
|
What is the family and genus of leeches?
|
Hirudinidae, Hirudo
|
|
|
How many somites are on leeches?
|
33-34
|
|
|
What is hirudin?
|
A blood anticoagulent and anesthetic
|
|
|
What is the scientific name of the medicinal leech?
|
Hirudo medicinalis
|
|
|
What does "arthropoda" mean? |
"jointed foot" |
|
|
What is tagmatization? |
Advanced metamerism |
|
|
What are tagmata? |
Segments fused into functional regions |
|
|
How many tagmata can arthropods have? (2) |
two (cephalothorax and abdomen) or three (head, thorax, and abdomen) |
|
|
What are the characteristics of the exoskeleton? (4) |
Secreted by the underlying epidermis Layered, composed of chitin or calcium carbonate Highly protective while maintaining mobility thickened sclerites with membranous regions between |
|
|
What is ecdysis all about? |
Exoskeletons reduce need for hydrostatic skeleton but limits growth, and therefore must be periodically molted |
|
|
What are instars? |
The time between molts |
|
|
What is an exuvium? |
The hardened cuticle left behind from molting |
|
|
What are the characteristics of arthropod excretion? (2) |
Nephridia in some, Malpigian tubules (in insects and spiders) work in conjunction with rectal glands - minimize water loss |
|
|
What is arthropod circulation like? (2) |
Open, with tubular single-chambered heart
Hemolymph circulates through hemocoel |
|
|
What is aquatic arthropod respiration like, and what is an example? |
Feathery gills or book gills (Limulus) |
|
|
What is terrestrial arthropod respiration like, and what are examples? (2) |
Tracheal system (insects)
Book lungs (Argiope) |
|
|
What is the genus of horseshoe crabs? |
Limulus |
|
|
What is the genus of the garden spider? |
Argiope |
|
|
Are arthropods monoecious, dioecious, or both? |
Both, but mostly dioecoius |
|
|
Is arthropod fertilization internal or external? |
Internal |
|
|
What does oviparous mean? |
Egg layers |
|
|
What does ovoviviparous mean? |
Eggs develop within female and hatch inside or immediately after |
|
|
What does Trilobita mean? |
"three lobes" |
|
|
What are the three parts of a trilobite? |
Head, thorax, and pygidium |
|
|
What is the key characteristic of Subphylum Chelicerata? |
characterized by the presence of chelicera |
|
|
What are chelicera? |
the first set of papendages used for feeding |
|
|
What are the general characteristics of Subphylum Chelicerata? (3) |
2 body regions No antennae No mandibles or jaws for chewing |
|
|
What is the common name for class Merostmoata? |
horseshoe crabs |
|
|
What do horseshoe crabs (class Merostomata) use to see? (2) |
One simple eye/ocelli adept at detecting light/dark conrtast, and two compound eyes for detecting motion made of individual ommatidia |
|
|
What are common organisms of class Arachnida? (3) |
Spiders, dust mites, scorpions |
|
|
What is the scientific name of the tick that causes Lyme disease, and what bacteria does it carry? |
Ixodes scapularis carries Borrelia burgdorferi |
|
|
What is the class name of sea spiders? |
Class Pycnogonida |
|
|
Does subphylum Crustacea have biramous or uniramous appendages? |
Biramous - endopod and exopod |
|
|
Do crustaceans have Malpighian tubules? |
Nope |
|
|
How many pairs of antennae do crustaceans have? |
Two |
|
|
What are some examples of class Branchiopoda? (3) |
Daphnia, Sida, and Bythotrephes |
|
What class is this? |
Class Copepoda |
|
|
What is a common organism from Class Thecostraca? |
Barnacles |
|
|
What are common organisms of class Malacostraca? |
Lobsters, crayfish, shrimp, etc. |
|
|
Do bugs have uniramous or biramous appendages? |
Uniramous |
|
|
How many pairs of antennae do bugs generally have? |
One |
|
|
What does subphylum Myriapoda mean? |
"many-legged" |
|
|
What do repungnatorial glands do, and where are they found? |
Secrete unpleasant tasting compounds - subphylum Myriapoda |
|
|
what does class diplopoda mean? |
"double foot" |
|
|
What are the organisms in Class Diplopoda? |
Millipedes |
|
|
What are the organisms in class Chilopoda? |
Centipedes |
|
|
What subphylum is class insecta part of? |
Subphylum Hexapoda |
|
|
What is hemimetabolous metamorphosis? |
incomplete metamorphosis - no pupa stage |
|
|
What is holometabolous metamorphosis? |
complete metamorphosis - includes larva and chrysalis stage |
