Lab Final Exam Iii

Front 1

Blood cells are produced in the ____ ______.

Back 1

bone marrow

Front 2

formation of blood components

Back 2

hematopoiesis

Front 3

formation of red blood cells

Back 3

erythropoieses

Front 4

Kidneys detect decrease in circulating O2, secrete hormone ______________ that signals the body to produce more blood cells.

Back 4

erythropoietin

Front 5

Blood is comprised of __% plasma (hormones, glucose, electrolytes, antibodies, nutrients, etc.) and __% formed elements.

Back 5

55% plasma, 45% formed elements

Front 6

regulate colloidal osmotic blood pressure

Back 6

albumin

Front 7

involved in immunity, solute transporting, and blood clotting

Back 7

globulin

Front 8

involved in blood clotting

Back 8

fibrinogen

Front 9

red blood cells; contain protein __________

Back 9

erythrocytes; hemoglobin

Front 10

Back 10

blood; plasma; erythrocyte; leukocyte; thrombocyte

Front 11

Back 11

erythrocytes; most common

Front 12

squeeze between cells

Back 12

diapedesis

Front 13

engulf foreign particles or cellular debris

Back 13

phagocytosis

Front 14

Back 14

neutrophil (multi-lobed)

Front 15

type of granulocyte; first responders, phagocytic

Back 15

neutrophil

Front 16

type of granulocyte; allergic reactions and parasitic infections

Back 16

eosinophils

Front 17

type of granulocyte; inflammation and allergic reactions; histamine and heparine

Back 17

basophil

Front 18

Back 18

eosinophil (two-lobed)

Front 19

Back 19

basophil (S-shabed)

Front 20

type of agranulocyte; lymphocyte; mature into plasma cells; antibody-mediated immunity

Back 20

B-cells

Front 21

type of agranulocyte; lymphocyte; cell-mediated immunity; attack bacteria, virus-infection cells, tumors, tissue transplants, etc.

Back 21

T-cells

Front 22

Back 22

lymphocyte (round, dented)

Front 23

agranulocyte; biggest leukocyte; major phagocytic cell; move from blood into tissues and become macrophages

Back 23

monocyte

Front 24

Back 24

monocyte (pacman)

Front 25

Back 25

leukocytes (monocyte, eosinophil, neutrophil (2), lymphocyte, basophil)

Front 26

formed element involved in blood clotting; consist of small fragments of megakaryocytes (largest bone marrow cell)

Back 26

thrombocytes (platelets)

Front 27

The heart is found in region known as the ___________.

Back 27

mediastinum

Front 28

layer of heart composed primarily of connective tissue and fat serving as protection for the heart; sometimes considered a continuation of the serous layer of the parietal pericardium

Back 28

epicardium (visceral pericardium)

Front 29

filled with pericardial fluid (acts as lubricant)

Back 29

pericardial cavity

Front 30

thickest layer of the heart wall; composed primarily of cardiac muscle tissue containing cardiomyocytes involved in heart conduction; intercalated discs in this layer

Back 30

myocardium

Front 31

innermost layer that lines all four heart chambers, composed of endothelial cells (specialized squamous epithelium)

Back 31

endocardium

Front 32

inflammation of the endocardium layer of the heart

Back 32

endocarditis

Front 33

________ carry blood away from the heart.

Back 33

Arteries

Front 34

_____ carry blood toward the heart.

Back 34

Veins

Front 35

smallest blood vessels where exchange occurs; connect arteries/arterioles and veins/venules

Back 35

capillaries

Front 36

oxygenated blood travels through...

Back 36

systemic arteries (Aorta) and pulmonary veins

Front 37

deoxygenated travels through...

Back 37

systemic veins (Vena cava) and pulmonary arteries

Front 38

three layers of blood vessels

Back 38

tunica externa/adventitia (connective tissue), tunica media (smooth muscle tissue; thicker in arteries; elastic fibers in arteries), tunica interna/intima

Front 39

blood vessels that nourish other blood vessels

Back 39

vasa vasorum

Front 40

Back 40

veins (collapsed, thin tunica media); arteries (perfect circles, thick tunica media)

Front 41

Back 41

artery (round) vein (collapsed)

Front 42

Back 42

nerve (2), artery (round), vein (squished)

Front 43

Back 43

elastic tissue of Aorta; vasa vasorum

Front 44

blood vessels that nourish larger blood vessels such as the aorta and vena cava

Back 44

vasa vasorum

Front 45

Back 45

lymph node (capsule, germinal center, medulla)

Front 46

Back 46

spleen (white pulp, red pulp)

Front 47

Back 47

thymus (cortex, medulla, capsule)

Front 48

How many lobes make up the right lung?

Back 48

3

Front 49

How many lobes make up the left lung?

Back 49

2

Front 50

Back 50

pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium

Front 51

Back 51

trachea (hyaline cartilage with chondrocytes; pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium)

Front 52

Back 52

respiratory branchiole, terminal branchiole, alveoli

Front 53

_____ ________ _____ comprise 96% of the alveolar surface area and allow for gas exchange

Back 53

type I alveolar cells

Front 54

______ _______ _____ comprise 4% of the alveolar surface area and secrete pulmonary surfactant

Back 54

type II alveolar cells

Front 55

Back 55

esophagus (mucosa, submucosa, muscularis, adventitia)

Front 56

Back 56

stomach mucosa layer (outer muscularis mucosa; middle lamina propria composed of connective tissue; inner mucous membrane composed of epithelium containing surface mucous cells, chief cells, and parietal cells)

Front 57

Back 57

small intestine duodenum (duodenal/Brunner's glands; villi)

Front 58

Back 58

small intestine ileum (villi; Peyer's patches)

Front 59

Back 59

large intestine (lamina propria; globlet cells; mucosa layer)

Front 60

Back 60

liver (lobule; central vein; hepatocytes--red; sinusoids--white)

Front 61

Back 61

liver (central vein; hepatocytes--transparent red; sinusoids--white; Kupffer cells--black)

Front 62

Alpha cells release ________ to ________ blood glucose levels.

Back 62

glucagon; increase

Front 63

Beta cells release _______ to ________ blood glucose levels.

Back 63

insulin; decrease

Front 64

What is the functional unit of the kidney?

Back 64

nephron

Front 65

triangular region formed by both ureters and the urethra

Back 65

trigone

Front 66

cluster of capillaries in the nephron

Back 66

glomerulus

Front 67

Back 67

kidney (renal cortex; renal medulla)

Front 68

Majority of nephrons are found in the cortex, thus called ________ ________.

Back 68

cortical nephrons

Front 69

Few nephrons are found in the medulla, thus called the ______________ ________.

Back 69

juxtamedullary nephrons

Front 70

Back 70

glomerulus (urinary space; Bowman's capsule)

Front 71

Back 71

kidney tubules

Front 72

Back 72

kidney tubules

Front 73

Back 73

seminiferous tubules in testes (sertoli cells; interstitial cells)

Front 74

Back 74

sperm; head (contains DNA and acrosome that contains enzymes to digest exterior covering female gamete); mid-piece of tail (contains mitochondria {ATP} for movement); remainder of tail (flagellum that propels sperm forward)

Front 75

Back 75

spermatocytes

Front 76

Back 76

oocyte (follicle--whole oval; oocyte--inner circle)