Lab Exam

Front 1

Coronary Circulation

Back 1

supplies blood to the myocardium of the heart

Front 2

Blood from the superior and inferior vena cava empties into which chamber of the heart?

Back 2

Right atrium

Front 3

Blood leaving the heart from the right ventricle enters which vessel?

Back 3

Pulmonary trunk

Front 4

Blood leaving the heart from the left ventricle enters which vessel?

Back 4

Aorta

Front 5

What are the atria and ventricle separated by?

Back 5

coronary sulcus

Front 6

what is the expandable portion of the atrium known as?

Back 6

Auricle

Front 7

boundaries between the right and left ventricles

Back 7

anterior and posterior interventricular sulci

Front 8

Pulmonary Trunk

Back 8

extends anteriorly from the base to the right ventricle and between the two atria

splits into 2 (L+R)

takes blood from the heart to the lungs

deoxygenated blood

Front 9

aorta

Back 9

posterior to the pulmonary trunk and rises anteriorly from the left ventricle

Front 10

The 3 branches off the aorta

Back 10

brachiocephalic trunk

left common carotid artery

left subclavian artery

Front 11

Coronary Circuit

Back 11

Left and Right coronary arteries branch anteriorly off the aorta

Left coronary artery: circumflex artery & Anterior interventricular artery

Right coronary artery: marginal artery & Posterior interventricular artery

Front 12

Left Coronary Artery

Back 12

supplies blood to the left atrium and ventricle and the inter ventricular septum

divides into two major branches

1. Circumflex artery

2. anterior interventricular artery

Front 13

Circumflex artery

Back 13

curves to the left moving posteriorly around the coronary sulcus and eventually fuses with branches of the right coronary artery

branch of the left coronary artery

Front 14

Anterior interventricular artery

Back 14

also called the left anterior descending artery

runs along the anterior surface within the anterior inter ventricular sulcus

Front 15

Right coronary artery

Back 15

supplies blood to the right atrium and portions of both ventricles

curves to the right moving posteriorly around the coronary sulcus

two major branches come off of it

1. marginal artery

2. posterior interventricular artery

Front 16

Marginal Artery

Back 16

one or more branches

extends across the surface of the right ventricle

Front 17

posterior interventricular artery

Back 17

runs along the posterior surface within the posterior inter ventricular sulcus

Front 18

Coronary Sinus

Back 18

on posterior surface of the heart

delivers the deoxygenated blood to the right atrium

Front 19

main venous pathways

Back 19

great cardiac vein

middle cardiac vein

small cardiac vein

anterior cardiac vein

Front 20

Great Cardiac Vein

Back 20

begins within the anterior inter ventricular sulcus and drains blood supplied by the anterior inter ventricular artery

Front 21

middle cardiac vein

Back 21

begins within the posterior inter ventricular sulcus and drains blood supplied by the posterior inter ventricular artery

Front 22

small cardiac vein

Back 22

near marginal artery

drains posterior surface of the right atrium and right ventricle

Front 23

anterior cardiac vein

Back 23

on anterior surface and drain right ventricle

these veins drain directly into the right atrium as opposed to the coronary sinus

Front 24

atrioventricular opening

Back 24

in the floor of the atria

Front 25

valve of the coronary sinus

Back 25

guards the opening into the coronary sinus

found in the right atrium by the opening for the inferior vena cava

Front 26

where are the openings for the pulmonary veins

Back 26

in the left atrium

Front 27

Trabeculae Carnae

Back 27

muscular ridges within the ventricles

prevents walls of heart from sticking when the heart contracts -- decreases surface tension

Front 28

dpapillary muscles

Back 28

pointed finger-like muscles connected by chord tendinae

Front 29

chordae tendinae

Back 29

slender fibers that connect the papillary muscles to the tricuspid valve and the bicuspid/mitral valve

Front 30

tricuspid valve

Back 30

membrane with three flaps

guards the right atrioventricular opening and prevents blood from flowing back from the ventricle to the atrium

Front 31

semilunar valve

Back 31

also known as the pulmonary valve

at the base of the pulmonary artery

three pocket shaped

Front 32

interventricular septum

Back 32

serves as a common internal wall of both ventricles

Front 33

mitral/bicuspid valve

Back 33

consists of two flaps

guards the left atrioventricular opening and prevents the regurgitation of blood from ventricle back into the atrium

Front 34

coronary sulcus

Back 34

separates atria from ventricles

Front 35

lub

Back 35

S1

closing of AV valves

sound = vibrations of blood against the valve after it closed

marks the start of ventricular contraction

Front 36

dub

Back 36

S2

closing of semi-lunar valves

ventricles relax -- ventricular repolarization (T wave )

Front 37

murmur

Back 37

improper closure of AV valves and blood travels back in wrong direction

when the ventricles contract a little bit of blood goes back up into the atrium

a gurgling or whooshing noise

Front 38

blood pressure

Back 38

Arterial pressure

the force exerted on vessels (arteries) by the circulating blood

Front 39

physiological outcome of proper blood pressure

Back 39

to maintain blood flow through the capillary beds by overcoming the natural resistance

Front 40

how is blood pressure expressed and what is the unit

Back 40

systolic pressure over diastolic pressure

(peak over minimum)

units: mmHg

Front 41

desired range for systolic pressure

Back 41

90-120 mmHg

Front 42

desired range for diastolic pressure

Back 42

60-80mmHg

Front 43

hypertension

Back 43

blood pressure above the desired range

Front 44

hypotension

Back 44

blood pressure below the desired range