Lab Exam #2

Front 1

Gene that produces its characteristeric only when its phenotype

Back 1

Recessive

Front 2

Fertilizing an egg involving the fusion of male and female gametes to form a zygote

Back 2

Fertilization

Front 3

Diploid cell resulting from fusion of two haploid gametes

Back 3

Zygote

Front 4

Process in which cells undergo meiosis to form gametes

Back 4

Gametegenesis

Front 5

Production of development of mature spermatoza

Back 5

Spermatogenesis

Front 6

The series of events that takes place in a cell leading to its division and duplication

Back 6

Cell cycle

Front 7

Stage where the cell grows

Back 7

G1

Front 8

Stage when DNA is copied and chromosomes are duplicated

Back 8

S

Front 9

Stage used for preparation of mitosis

Back 9

G2

Front 10

Stage where eukaryotic cell separates the chromosomes in its cell nucleus into two identical sets in two nuclei

Back 10

Mitosis

Front 11

Cytoplasmic division of the celll at the end of mitosis and meiosis, bringing about the seperation of two cells

Back 11

Cytokinesis

Front 12

Stage when chromosomes become visible, nuclear envelope breaks down and spindles form

Back 12

Prophase

Front 13

Stage spindles fully develop and chromosome align in the middle

Back 13

Metaphase

Front 14

Paired chromosomes (chromatids) seperate and begin moving to opposite poles, each pole has finger-like chromosomes

Back 14

Anaphase

Front 15

Stage when distinct new nuclei form, forming two daughter cells

Back 15

Telophase

Front 16

5 C's

Back 16

Chromatin
Chromatid
Chromosome
Centromere
Centriole

Front 17

Form chromosomes

Back 17

Chromatin

Front 18

DNA and protein

Back 18

Chromosome

Front 19

Paired chromosomes

Back 19

Chromatid

Front 20

Point of attachment of a spindle fiber

Back 20

Centromere

Front 21

Barrel-shaped cell structure

Back 21

Centriole

Front 22

Paired chromosomes, one from each parent

Back 22

Homologous chromosomes

Front 23

Single base pair polymorphism

Back 23

Single-nucleotide polymorphism

Front 24

Cuts double-stranded DNA into fragments by recognizing specific nucleotide sequences and cutting the DNA at those sequences

Back 24

Restriction enzymes

Front 25

Exploits variations in homologous DNA sequences

Back 25

Restriction fragment length polymorphism

Front 26

Seperate proteins by charge or size

Back 26

Agarose gel electrophoresis

Front 27

What is agarose gel used for?

Back 27

Determining DNA size

Front 28

How does agarose gel work?

Back 28

Electric current repels mizture of negatively-charged DNA fragments throguh microscopic pores in the gel form the negative to positive electrode

Front 29

Is DNA negative, positive, or neutral?

Back 29

Negative

Front 30

Which way does DNA travel on a agarose gel?

Back 30

Moves toward the positive anode

Front 31

5 factors that affect migration of DNA on the agarose gel

Back 31

Size of DNA
Concentration of agarose in the gel
Conformation of the DNA fragments
Voltage applied to gel
Concentration of EtBr

Front 32

How is DNA visualized on an agarose gel?

Back 32

Migrating colored bands

Front 33

What is a DNA ladder?

Back 33

Used to determine approximate size of the DNA fragments

Front 34

How do you determine the size of the DNA fragments on a agarose gel?

Back 34

DNA ladder is made up of fragments of DNA of known sizes

Front 35

Arteries carrying blood away from the heart to the lungs carry blood _____ in oxygen?

Back 35

Rich

Front 36

Veins carrying blood back to the heart from the body carry blood ______ in oxygen?

Back 36

Poor

Front 37

What are the two circuits that make up the circulatory system?

Back 37

Pulmonary
Systemic

Front 38

Cardiovascular system's main function is to maintain?

Back 38

Homeostasis

Front 39

Complete the Sequence:
Heart-> Arteries->_____->_____->______->Veins->Heart

Back 39

Arterioles
Capillaries
Venules

Front 40

Vessels that connect capillary beds?

Back 40

Capillaries

Front 41

% of plasma in blood?

Back 41

55%

Front 42

% of formed elements in blood?

Back 42

45%

Front 43

4 components of blood?

Back 43

Plasma
White Blood Cells or leukocytes
Red Blood Cells or erythrocytes
Platelets or thrombocytes

Front 44

Three granular white blood cells?
1 function and 1 characteristic

Back 44

Neurophils->phagocytize and digest bacteria. Present in pus wounds
Basophils->release histamine and seratonin. Have lobed nuclei
Eosinophils-> attack parasites. Have bi-lobed nuclei

Front 45

Two agranular white blood cells?
1 function and 1 characteristic

Back 45

Lymphocytes->defense against viruses. Yield anti-bodies
Monocytes->precursors of macrophages. Phagocytose cellular debris and pathogen

Front 46

Universal donor?

Back 46

O-Negative

Front 47

Univeral Acceptor?

Back 47

AB-Positive

Front 48

Blood Type A agglutinate with?

Back 48

Type B and Type O

Front 49

Blood Type B agglutinate with?

Back 49

Type A and Type O

Front 50

Blood Type O agglutinate with?

Back 50

None

Front 51

Blood Type AB agglutinate with?

Back 51

Type A, Type B, and Type O

Front 52

Blood flow of the heart?

Back 52

Superior or Inferior Vena Cava
Right Atrium
Tricuspid
Right Ventricle
Pulmonary Valve
Pulmonary Artery
Pulmonary Vein
Left Atrium
Bicuspid or Mitral Valve
Left Ventricle
Aortic Valve
Aorta

Front 53

SA node?

Back 53

Sinoatrial node that is the cardiac pacemaker located in the atrium

Front 54

Ciculation that carries oxygenated blood to the tissues?

Back 54

Systemic circulation

Front 55

True or False: Oxygenated blood is present in the pulmonary artery?

Back 55

False, it is unoxygenated blood

Front 56

It is within the ______ that exchange of gas/nutrients with the tissues of the body occur.

Back 56

Pulmonary circuit

Front 57

What event occurs in the P wave?

Back 57

Atrial depolarization (contracts)

Front 58

What event occurs in the QRS wave?

Back 58

Ventricle depolarization (contracts)

Front 59

What event occurs in the T wave?

Back 59

Ventricle repolarization (relaxs)

Front 60

What does ECG stand for?

Back 60

Electrocardiography

Front 61

What is the purpose of an ECG?

Back 61

Measure the electrical conductance of the heart

Front 62

What are the most abundant cell type in blood?

Back 62

Erythrocytes

Front 63

What is the scientific name for White Blood Cells?

Back 63

Leukocytes

Front 64

Sac layer that enclose the heart?

Back 64

Pericardium

Front 65

Systole refers to?

Back 65

Contraction of the heart

Front 66

Diastole refers to?

Back 66

Relaxation of the heart

Front 67

True or False:
Arteries have valves

Back 67

False, veins have valves

Front 68

What is agglutination?

Back 68

The clumping of bacteria or red blood cells when held together by anti-bodies

Front 69

ABO blood typing is based on ______ on the surface of Erythrocytes

Back 69

Antigens

Front 70

Leukocytes are divided into what two types?

Back 70

Granular (have granules)
Agranular (do not have granules within the cytoplasm)

Front 71

What component of blood is involved in clotting?

Back 71

Platelets or thrombocytes

Front 72

What leukocytes are involved with immunity?

Back 72

Lymphocytes

Front 73

Most abundant leukocytes?

Back 73

Neutrophils

Front 74

Life span of erythrocytes or RBC?

Back 74

120 days

Front 75

The study of tissues, their structures, and their functions

Back 75

Histology

Front 76

What is tissue?

Back 76

Groups of cells having a specific function

Front 77

Location of epithelial tissues?

Back 77

Outer and inner surfaces of the body
Inner surfaces of tubular organs

Front 78

Classification of epithelial tissues?

Back 78

Based on shapes of cells and number of layers

Front 79

Function of epithelial tissues?

Back 79

Protection and transport

Front 80

Types of epithelial tissues?

Back 80

Simple Squamous
Simple Cuboidal
Simple Columnar
Stratified Squamous (kerantinized and non-kerantinized)
Pseudostratified Columnar
Transitional

Front 81

Types of connective tissues?

Back 81

Soft loose
Hard cartilage
Hard bone
Blood
Adipose

Front 82

Cells of specific connective tissues?

Back 82

Loose->fibroblasts
Cartilage->chondrocytes
Bone->osteocytes
Blood->leukocytes, erythrocytes, and thrombocytes
Adipose->adipocytes

Front 83

Matrixes of specific connective tissues?

Back 83

Loose->collagen, elastic, and reticular fibers
Cartilage->collagen
Bone->minerals
Blood->plasma
Adipose->delicate collagen fibers

Front 84

Parts of an osteon?

Back 84

The haversian system:
Osteocytes
Lacunae
Canaliculi
Lamellae

Front 85

Functions of specific connective tissues?

Back 85

Loose->holds organs in place and attaches epithelial tissue to other tissues
Cartilage->flexibile support and strength
Bone->skeletal and internal support
Adipose->store fat
Blood->transport oxygen, CO2, nutrients, etc.

Front 86

Types and subtypes of cells of blood?

Back 86

Erythrocytes (RBC)
Thrombocytes (platelets)
Leukocytes(WBC):
Granular->neurophils, basophils,and eosinophils
Agranular->lymphocytes and monocytes

Front 87

Functions of muscle tissues?

Back 87

Movement, mechanical work, and heat

Front 88

Distinguishing features of specific muscle tissues?

Back 88

Skeletal->striated, voluntary, and multiple nulcei
Smooth->nonstriated, involuntary, and one nucleus
Cardiac->striated, involuntary, one nucleus, and intercalated disks

Front 89

Types of nervous tissues?

Back 89

Neurons
Neutroglia

Front 90

Parts of a neuron and their functions?

Back 90

Cell body->cytoplasm and nucleus
Dendrites->carry info toward cell body
Axons->carry info away from body