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862 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
Iron deficiency :Peripheral smear morphology?
|
microcytic, hypochromic
|
|
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Iron deficiency :MCV?
|
low
|
|
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Iron deficiency :basophilic stippling?
|
no
|
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Iron deficiency :serum iron?
|
low
|
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Iron deficiency :TIBC?
|
high
|
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|
Iron deficiency :Serum iron/TIBC?
|
low <10% then definitely iron defic.
|
|
|
Iron deficiency :ferritin?
|
under 10, iron defic
|
|
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Iron deficiency :soluble transferrin receptor?
|
increased
|
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Iron deficiency :absorption site?
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duodenum
|
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Beta Thalessemia trait :?
|
Beta Thalessemia trait
|
|
|
Beta Thalessemia trait :Peripheral smear morphology?
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microcytic
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Beta Thalessemia trait :MCV?
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low
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Beta Thalessemia trait :basophilic stippling?
|
y
|
|
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Beta Thalessemia trait :Hgb A2 Assay?
|
positive
|
|
|
Alpha thalessemia trait :?
|
Alpha thalessemia trait
|
|
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Alpha thalessemia trait :Peripheral smear morphology?
|
microcytic
|
|
|
Alpha thalessemia trait :MCV?
|
low
|
|
|
anemia of chronic disease :?
|
anemia of chronic disease
|
|
|
anemia of chronic disease :Peripheral smear morphology?
|
usually normocytic, microcytic (rarely)
|
|
|
anemia of chronic disease :Reticulocyte count?
|
Low
|
|
|
anemia of chronic disease :MCV?
|
normal
|
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|
anemia of chronic disease :serum iron?
|
low
|
|
|
anemia of chronic disease :TIBC?
|
high
|
|
|
anemia of chronic disease :Serum iron/TIBC?
|
>10%
|
|
|
anemia of chronic disease :ferritin?
|
normalish
|
|
|
anemia of chronic disease :soluble transferrin receptor?
|
decreased
|
|
|
sideroblastic anemia :?
|
sideroblastic anemia
|
|
|
sideroblastic anemia :Peripheral smear morphology?
|
microcytic
|
|
|
sideroblastic anemia :MCV?
|
low
|
|
|
aplastic anemia :?
|
aplastic anemia
|
|
|
aplastic anemia :Peripheral smear morphology?
|
normocytic
|
|
|
aplastic anemia :Reticulocyte count?
|
Low
|
|
|
aplastic anemia :MCV?
|
normal
|
|
|
aplastic anemia :Marrow?
|
hypoplastic
|
|
|
aplastic anemia :platelets?
|
low
|
|
|
aplastic anemia :PMN's?
|
low
|
|
|
aplastic anemia :tx?
|
transplant
|
|
|
pure red cell aplasia :?
|
pure red cell aplasia
|
|
|
pure red cell aplasia :Peripheral smear morphology?
|
normocytic
|
|
|
pure red cell aplasia :Reticulocyte count?
|
stupid low
|
|
|
pure red cell aplasia :MCV?
|
normal
|
|
|
pure red cell aplasia :platelets?
|
normal
|
|
|
pure red cell aplasia :PMN's?
|
normal
|
|
|
pure red cell aplasia :caused by?
|
dilantin, parvovirus, thymoma, PRCA
|
|
|
pure red cell aplasia :tx?
|
roids
|
|
|
myelofibrosis :?
|
myelofibrosis
|
|
|
myelofibrosis :Peripheral smear morphology?
|
normocytic
|
|
|
myelofibrosis :Reticulocyte count?
|
Low
|
|
|
myelofibrosis :MCV?
|
normal
|
|
|
myelofibrosis :Marrow?
|
fibrosis
|
|
|
myelofibrosis :physcal exam findings?
|
big ass spleen
|
|
|
myelodysplasia :?
|
myelodysplasia
|
|
|
myelodysplasia :Peripheral smear morphology?
|
normocytic
|
|
|
myelodysplasia :Reticulocyte count?
|
Low
|
|
|
myelodysplasia :MCV?
|
normal
|
|
|
myelodysplasia :Marrow?
|
variable
|
|
|
myelodysplasia :iron staining?
|
ringed sideroblasts
|
|
|
myelophtisic anemia :?
|
myelophtisic anemia
|
|
|
myelophtisic anemia :Peripheral smear morphology?
|
normocytic
|
|
|
myelophtisic anemia :Reticulocyte count?
|
Low
|
|
|
myelophtisic anemia :MCV?
|
normal
|
|
|
myelophtisic anemia :Marrow?
|
marrow replacement
|
|
|
B12 deficiency :?
|
B12 deficiency
|
|
|
B12 deficiency :Peripheral smear morphology?
|
macrocytic, multilobed polys
|
|
|
B12 deficiency :MCV?
|
high
|
|
|
B12 deficiency :absorption site?
|
terminal ileum
|
|
|
B12 deficiency :foods containing nutrient?
|
meat, animal products
|
|
|
B12 deficiency :serum b12?
|
low
|
|
|
folate deficiency :?
|
folate deficiency
|
|
|
folate deficiency :Peripheral smear morphology?
|
macrocytic, multilobed polys
|
|
|
folate deficiency :MCV?
|
high
|
|
|
folate deficiency :absorption site?
|
jejunum
|
|
|
folate deficiency :foods containing nutrient?
|
veggies
|
|
|
folate deficiency :red cell folate?
|
low
|
|
|
folate deficiency :serum folate?
|
low, but easily altered by one meal
|
|
|
Bleeding :?
|
Bleeding
|
|
|
Bleeding :Reticulocyte count?
|
High
|
|
|
Hemolytic anemia :?
|
Hemolytic anemia
|
|
|
Hemolytic anemia :Reticulocyte count?
|
High
|
|
|
B12 deficiency due to low IF :?
|
B12 deficiency due to low IF
|
|
|
B12 deficiency due to low IF :schilling?
|
no radioactive urine, radioactive after IF
|
|
|
Normocytic anemia and low reticulocyte count :?
|
Normocytic anemia and low reticulocyte count
|
|
|
Normocytic anemia and low reticulocyte count :initial tests?
|
Do a bone marrow aspirate and biopsy, possibly cytogenetics
|
|
|
Hemolytic anemia :?
|
Hemolytic anemia
|
|
|
Hemolytic anemia :Reticulocyte count?
|
up
|
|
|
Hemolytic anemia :bilirubin?
|
up (unconjugated)
|
|
|
Hemolytic anemia :LDH?
|
elevated (nonspecific)
|
|
|
Hemolytic anemia :chromium 51 survival?
|
decreased
|
|
|
bleeding :?
|
bleeding
|
|
|
bleeding :Reticulocyte count?
|
up
|
|
|
bleeding :bilirubin?
|
no effect
|
|
|
bleeding :LDH?
|
no effect
|
|
|
bleeding :chromium 51 survival?
|
no effect
|
|
|
warm IgG :?
|
warm IgG
|
|
|
warm IgG :intra or extra-vascular?
|
extra
|
|
|
warm IgG :haptoglobin?
|
no effect
|
|
|
warm IgG :rouleaux?
|
n
|
|
|
cold IgM :?
|
cold IgM
|
|
|
cold IgM :intra or extra-vascular?
|
intra
|
|
|
cold IgM :haptoglobin?
|
low
|
|
|
cold IgM :rouleaux?
|
y
|
|
|
pseudoerythrocytosis :?
|
pseudoerythrocytosis
|
|
|
pseudoerythrocytosis :HCT?
|
up
|
|
|
pseudoerythrocytosis :plasma volume?
|
down
|
|
|
pseudoerythrocytosis :which cell lines hyperlastic??
|
none
|
|
|
pseudoerythrocytosis :big spleen??
|
no
|
|
|
pseudoerythrocytosis :casued by high EPO?
|
no
|
|
|
2ndary erythrocytosis :?
|
2ndary erythrocytosis
|
|
|
2ndary erythrocytosis :HCT?
|
up
|
|
|
2ndary erythrocytosis :plasma volume?
|
no effect
|
|
|
2ndary erythrocytosis :which cell lines hyperlastic??
|
red
|
|
|
2ndary erythrocytosis :big spleen??
|
no
|
|
|
2ndary erythrocytosis :casued by high EPO?
|
yes
|
|
|
polycythemia vera :?
|
polycythemia vera
|
|
|
polycythemia vera :HCT?
|
up
|
|
|
polycythemia vera :plasma volume?
|
no effect
|
|
|
polycythemia vera :which cell lines hyperlastic??
|
red, wbc, platelets
|
|
|
polycythemia vera :big spleen??
|
yes
|
|
|
polycythemia vera :casued by high EPO?
|
EPO independent
|
|
|
Pelger Huet :abnormality?
|
bilobed PMN
|
|
|
May Hegglin :?
|
May Hegglin
|
|
|
May Hegglin :abnormality?
|
basophilic inclusions in WBC
|
|
|
chediak Higashi :?
|
chediak Higashi
|
|
|
chediak Higashi :abnormality?
|
giant neutrophil granules, faulty lysosmes
|
|
|
Alders :?
|
Alders
|
|
|
Alders :abnormality?
|
deep purple granules, mucopolysaccharide disorder
|
|
|
Maroteaux Lamy :?
|
Maroteaux Lamy
|
|
|
Maroteaux Lamy :abnormality?
|
Red-violet granules and lymphocyte vacuoles
|
|
|
Erlichiosis :?
|
Erlichiosis
|
|
|
Erlichiosis :abnormality?
|
?? Caused by rickettsia, ticks
|
|
|
Dohle Bodies :?
|
Dohle Bodies
|
|
|
Dohle Bodies :abnormality?
|
1-2 micron oval blue RER fragments
|
|
|
CML :?
|
CML
|
|
|
CML :Anemia?
|
no
|
|
|
CML :RBC morphology?
|
no change
|
|
|
CML :WBC?
|
>100K
|
|
|
CML :Other cells?
|
up baso's and eosinos
|
|
|
CML :>5% myelocytes or younger?
|
Yes
|
|
|
CML :LAP?
|
low
|
|
|
CML :Marrow?
|
myeloid hyperplasia, B&E
|
|
|
CML :Splenomegaly?
|
yes
|
|
|
CML :t(9:22)?
|
yes
|
|
|
Myelofibrosis :?
|
Myelofibrosis
|
|
|
Myelofibrosis :Anemia?
|
yes
|
|
|
Myelofibrosis :RBC morphology?
|
teardrop and nucleated
|
|
|
Myelofibrosis :WBC?
|
maybe up
|
|
|
Myelofibrosis :Other cells?
|
no change
|
|
|
Myelofibrosis :>5% myelocytes or younger?
|
possible
|
|
|
Myelofibrosis :LAP?
|
variable
|
|
|
Myelofibrosis :Marrow?
|
fibrosis
|
|
|
Myelofibrosis :Splenomegaly?
|
yes
|
|
|
Myelofibrosis :t(9:22)?
|
no
|
|
|
Leukemoid :?
|
Leukemoid
|
|
|
Leukemoid :Anemia?
|
no
|
|
|
Leukemoid :RBC morphology?
|
no change
|
|
|
Leukemoid :WBC?
|
30-40K
|
|
|
Leukemoid :Other cells?
|
no change
|
|
|
Leukemoid :>5% myelocytes or younger?
|
no
|
|
|
Leukemoid :LAP?
|
high
|
|
|
Leukemoid :Marrow?
|
myeloid hyperplasia
|
|
|
Leukemoid :Splenomegaly?
|
no
|
|
|
Leukemoid :t(9:22)?
|
no
|
|
|
CLL :?
|
CLL
|
|
|
CLL :abnormal cell type?
|
B
|
|
|
CLL :CD5+?
|
yes
|
|
|
Mono :?
|
Mono
|
|
|
Mono :abnormal cell type?
|
B
|
|
|
Hairy cell leukemia :?
|
Hairy cell leukemia
|
|
|
Hairy cell leukemia :abnormal cell type?
|
B
|
|
|
Hairy cell leukemia :splenomagaly?
|
fuckin huge
|
|
|
Hairy cell leukemia :CD5+?
|
no
|
|
|
Hairy cell leukemia :cytopenia type?
|
pancytopenia (& lymphocytosis)
|
|
|
Hairy cell leukemia :diagnostic test?
|
tartrate resistant acid phosphatase, TRAP
|
|
|
AML :?
|
AML
|
|
|
AML :population?
|
adult
|
|
|
AML :cytopenia type?
|
neutropenia, also could have elevated WBC (myeloblasts)
|
|
|
ALL :?
|
ALL
|
|
|
ALL :population?
|
children
|
|
|
CML :?
|
CML
|
|
|
neutropenia :?
|
neutropenia
|
|
|
neutropenia :1st step in dx of host defense disorder?
|
WBC and diferential
|
|
|
B cell disorder :?
|
B cell disorder
|
|
|
B cell disorder :1st step in dx of host defense disorder?
|
quantitative Ig's
|
|
|
Complement deficiency :?
|
Complement deficiency
|
|
|
Complement deficiency :1st step in dx of host defense disorder?
|
CH50, C3, if bad then quantitative C1-9
|
|
|
T cell disorder :?
|
T cell disorder
|
|
|
T cell disorder :1st step in dx of host defense disorder?
|
quantitative T and B lymphocytes, skin test to recall antigens
|
|
|
early complement deficiency :?
|
early complement deficiency
|
|
|
early complement deficiency :infection type?
|
pyogenic
|
|
|
late complement deficiency :?
|
late complement deficiency
|
|
|
late complement deficiency :infection type?
|
neisseria
|
|
|
platelet problem :Physical exam findings?
|
petechiae
|
|
|
clotting factors :?
|
clotting factors
|
|
|
clotting factors :Physical exam findings?
|
echymosis, joint bleeding
|
|
|
vWD :?
|
vWD
|
|
|
vWD :Physical exam findings?
|
joint bleeding
|
|
|
vasculitis :?
|
vasculitis
|
|
|
vasculitis :Physical exam findings?
|
palpable purpura
|
|
|
XII and XI :?
|
XII and XI
|
|
|
XII and XI :what activates in PTT?
|
kaolin
|
|
|
disorder of: XII, XI, IX, VIII, X, V, II, fibrinogen :?
|
disorder of: XII, XI, IX, VIII, X, V, II, fibrinogen
|
|
|
disorder of: XII, XI, IX, VIII, X, V, II, fibrinogen :which test?
|
PTT
|
|
|
heparin :?
|
heparin
|
|
|
heparin :which test?
|
PTT
|
|
|
Intrinsic pathway :?
|
Intrinsic pathway
|
|
|
Intrinsic pathway :which test?
|
PTT
|
|
|
extrinsic pathway :?
|
extrinsic pathway
|
|
|
extrinsic pathway :which test?
|
PT
|
|
|
add trhomboplastin to activate VII :?
|
add trhomboplastin to activate VII
|
|
|
add trhomboplastin to activate VII :which test?
|
PT
|
|
|
kaolin to activate XII and XI :?
|
kaolin to activate XII and XI
|
|
|
kaolin to activate XII and XI :which test?
|
PTT
|
|
|
VII, X, V, II, fibrinogen :?
|
VII, X, V, II, fibrinogen
|
|
|
VII, X, V, II, fibrinogen :which test?
|
PT
|
|
|
hemophilia A :?
|
hemophilia A
|
|
|
hemophilia A :deficiency?
|
VIII
|
|
|
Hemophilia B :?
|
Hemophilia B
|
|
|
Hemophilia B :deficiency?
|
IX (christmas disease....but it's in Jews!)
|
|
|
loose fibrin :?
|
loose fibrin
|
|
|
loose fibrin :deficiency?
|
XIII
|
|
|
clotting factors :?
|
clotting factors
|
|
|
clotting factors :Vd?
|
40 ml/kg
|
|
|
I :?
|
I
|
|
|
I :vitamin K??
|
no
|
|
|
I :PT?
|
yeah (fibrinogen)
|
|
|
I :PTT?
|
yeah (fibrinogen)
|
|
|
I :made in liver??
|
yeah (fibrinogen)
|
|
|
I :coumadin effects??
|
no
|
|
|
I :protein C & S inhibit?
|
no
|
|
|
II :?
|
II
|
|
|
II :vitamin K??
|
yep
|
|
|
II :PT?
|
yes
|
|
|
II :PTT?
|
yes
|
|
|
II :made in liver??
|
yes
|
|
|
II :coumadin effects??
|
yes
|
|
|
II :protein C & S inhibit?
|
no
|
|
|
II :cryoprecipitate?
|
no
|
|
|
II :prothombin complex concentrates?
|
yes
|
|
|
III :?
|
III
|
|
|
III :vitamin K??
|
no
|
|
|
III :PT?
|
no
|
|
|
III :PTT?
|
no
|
|
|
III :made in liver??
|
no
|
|
|
III :coumadin effects??
|
no
|
|
|
III :protein C & S inhibit?
|
no
|
|
|
IV :?
|
IV
|
|
|
IV :vitamin K??
|
it's friggin calcium
|
|
|
IV :PT?
|
it's friggin calcium
|
|
|
IV :PTT?
|
no
|
|
|
IV :made in liver??
|
no
|
|
|
IV :coumadin effects??
|
no
|
|
|
IV :protein C & S inhibit?
|
no
|
|
|
V :?
|
V
|
|
|
V :vitamin K??
|
no
|
|
|
V :PT?
|
yes
|
|
|
V :PTT?
|
yes
|
|
|
V :made in liver??
|
yes
|
|
|
V :coumadin effects??
|
no
|
|
|
V :protein C & S inhibit?
|
yes
|
|
|
V :prothombin complex concentrates?
|
NO (low in liver disease)
|
|
|
VI :?
|
VI
|
|
|
VI :vitamin K??
|
no
|
|
|
VI :PT?
|
yeah (Va)
|
|
|
VI :PTT?
|
yeah (Va)
|
|
|
VI :made in liver??
|
in a manner of speaking (Va)
|
|
|
VI :coumadin effects??
|
no
|
|
|
VI :protein C & S inhibit?
|
yeah mufucka
|
|
|
VII :?
|
VII
|
|
|
VII :vitamin K??
|
yep
|
|
|
VII :PT?
|
yes
|
|
|
VII :PTT?
|
no
|
|
|
VII :made in liver??
|
yes
|
|
|
VII :coumadin effects??
|
yes
|
|
|
VII :protein C & S inhibit?
|
no
|
|
|
VII :cryoprecipitate?
|
no
|
|
|
VII :prothombin complex concentrates?
|
yes
|
|
|
VIII :?
|
VIII
|
|
|
VIII :vitamin K??
|
no
|
|
|
VIII :PT?
|
no
|
|
|
VIII :PTT?
|
yes
|
|
|
VIII :made in liver??
|
no
|
|
|
VIII :coumadin effects??
|
no
|
|
|
VIII :protein C & S inhibit?
|
yes
|
|
|
VIII :cryoprecipitate?
|
yes
|
|
|
VIII :prothombin complex concentrates?
|
no
|
|
|
IX :?
|
IX
|
|
|
IX :vitamin K??
|
yep
|
|
|
IX :PT?
|
no
|
|
|
IX :PTT?
|
yes
|
|
|
IX :made in liver??
|
yes
|
|
|
IX :coumadin effects??
|
yes
|
|
|
IX :protein C & S inhibit?
|
no
|
|
|
IX :cryoprecipitate?
|
no
|
|
|
IX :prothombin complex concentrates?
|
yes
|
|
|
X :?
|
X
|
|
|
X :vitamin K??
|
yep
|
|
|
X :PT?
|
yes
|
|
|
X :PTT?
|
yes
|
|
|
X :made in liver??
|
yes
|
|
|
X :coumadin effects??
|
yes
|
|
|
X :protein C & S inhibit?
|
no
|
|
|
X :cryoprecipitate?
|
no
|
|
|
X :prothombin complex concentrates?
|
yes
|
|
|
XI :?
|
XI
|
|
|
XI :vitamin K??
|
no
|
|
|
XI :PT?
|
no
|
|
|
XI :PTT?
|
yes
|
|
|
XI :made in liver??
|
no
|
|
|
XI :coumadin effects??
|
no
|
|
|
XI :protein C & S inhibit?
|
no
|
|
|
XI :cryoprecipitate?
|
no
|
|
|
XII :?
|
XII
|
|
|
XII :vitamin K??
|
no
|
|
|
XII :PT?
|
no
|
|
|
XII :PTT?
|
yes
|
|
|
XII :made in liver??
|
no
|
|
|
XII :coumadin effects??
|
no
|
|
|
XII :protein C & S inhibit?
|
no
|
|
|
XII :cryoprecipitate?
|
no
|
|
|
XIII :?
|
XIII
|
|
|
XIII :vitamin K??
|
no
|
|
|
XIII :PT?
|
no
|
|
|
XIII :PTT?
|
no
|
|
|
XIII :made in liver??
|
no
|
|
|
XIII :coumadin effects??
|
no
|
|
|
XIII :protein C & S inhibit?
|
no
|
|
|
XIII :cryoprecipitate?
|
yes
|
|
|
fibrinogen :?
|
fibrinogen
|
|
|
fibrinogen :PT?
|
yes
|
|
|
fibrinogen :PTT?
|
yes
|
|
|
fibrinogen :specific test?
|
elevated FSPs
|
|
|
fibrinogen :cryoprecipitate?
|
yes
|
|
|
vWF :?
|
vWF
|
|
|
vWF :cryoprecipitate?
|
yes
|
|
|
DIC :?
|
DIC
|
|
|
DIC :PT?
|
elevated
|
|
|
DIC :FSPs?
|
elevated
|
|
|
DIC :platelet count?
|
low
|
|
|
DIC :fibrinogen?
|
low (non specific)
|
|
|
circulating angicoagulant :?
|
circulating angicoagulant
|
|
|
circulating angicoagulant :screening?
|
1:1 normal plasma and test mix, if inhibitor present still won't clot
|
|
|
ITP :?
|
ITP
|
|
|
ITP :PT?
|
no effect
|
|
|
ITP :PTT?
|
no effect
|
|
|
ITP :pathophys?
|
anti-platelet Ab
|
|
|
DIC :?
|
DIC
|
|
|
DIC :PT?
|
high
|
|
|
DIC :PTT?
|
high
|
|
|
TTP :?
|
TTP
|
|
|
TTP :pathophys?
|
WTF
|
|
|
vWD :?
|
vWD
|
|
|
vWD :VIII activity?
|
proportionally low (reduced # mols)
|
|
|
vWD :VII number?
|
normal
|
|
|
vWD :Ristocetin cofactor test?
|
doesn't clump w/ vWD (clumps normal platelets)
|
|
|
vWD :bleeding time?
|
hi
|
|
|
hemophilia :?
|
hemophilia
|
|
|
hemophilia :VII activity?
|
stupid low, yo
|
|
|
hemophilia :VII number?
|
normal
|
|
|
heparin :?
|
heparin
|
|
|
heparin :PT?
|
not so much
|
|
|
heparin :PTT?
|
markedly
|
|
|
INR :?
|
INR
|
|
|
INR :PT?
|
yes
|
|
|
INR :PTT?
|
no
|
|
|
coumadin :?
|
coumadin
|
|
|
coumadin :PT?
|
yes
|
|
|
coumadin :PTT?
|
yeah, but use PT
|
|
|
coumadin :INR?
|
yep
|
|
|
Type and screen :?
|
Type and screen
|
|
|
Type and screen :ABO type?
|
yes
|
|
|
Type and screen :Rh type?
|
yes
|
|
|
Type and screen :antibody screen with identified antibody panel?
|
yes
|
|
|
Type and screen :crossmatch for # units ordered?
|
no
|
|
|
Type and cross :?
|
Type and cross
|
|
|
Type and cross :ABO type?
|
yes
|
|
|
Type and cross :Rh type?
|
yes
|
|
|
Type and cross :antibody screen with identified antibody panel?
|
yes
|
|
|
Type and cross :crossmatch for # units ordered?
|
yes
|
|
|
Febrile Transfusion Reaction :?
|
Febrile Transfusion Reaction
|
|
|
Febrile Transfusion Reaction :pathophys?
|
cytokines in transfusion
|
|
|
ITP :?
|
ITP
|
|
|
ITP :platelets transfusion?
|
NO
|
|
|
ITP :fresh frozen plasma?
|
NO
|
|
|
TTP :?
|
TTP
|
|
|
TTP :platelets transfusion?
|
NO
|
|
|
TTP :fresh frozen plasma?
|
yah
|
|
|
platelets under 10K :?
|
platelets under 10K
|
|
|
platelets under 10K :platelets transfusion?
|
yeah, x4
|
|
|
coumadin related bleeding :?
|
coumadin related bleeding
|
|
|
coumadin related bleeding :fresh frozen plasma?
|
yea
|
|
|
volume expansion :?
|
volume expansion
|
|
|
volume expansion :fresh frozen plasma?
|
no
|
|
|
hypercoaguability :?
|
hypercoaguability
|
|
|
hypercoaguability :fresh frozen plasma?
|
no
|
|
|
sensitivity :define?
|
sensitivity = true positives / (all with disease)
|
|
|
specifity :?
|
specifity
|
|
|
specifity :define?
|
specifity = true negs / (all without disease)
|
|
|
prevalence :?
|
prevalence
|
|
|
prevalence :define?
|
number of cases in a given population
|
|
|
positive predictive value :?
|
positive predictive value
|
|
|
positive predictive value :define?
|
true positives / (true positives + false positives); low prevalence means lower positive predictive value
|
|
|
diabetes :screening test?
|
dipstick for for urine glucose
|
|
|
rare sugar diseases :?
|
rare sugar diseases
|
|
|
rare sugar diseases :screening test?
|
clinitest (picks up galactose, fructose, etc)
|
|
|
hemoglobin in urine :?
|
hemoglobin in urine
|
|
|
hemoglobin in urine :serum color?
|
pink
|
|
|
hemoglobin in urine :dipstick for blood in urine?
|
positive
|
|
|
myoglobin in urine :?
|
myoglobin in urine
|
|
|
myoglobin in urine :serum color?
|
clear
|
|
|
myoglobin in urine :dipstick for blood in urine?
|
positive
|
|
|
RBCs in urine :?
|
RBCs in urine
|
|
|
RBCs in urine :dipstick for blood in urine?
|
positive
|
|
|
metabolic acidosis with urine pH > 6 :?
|
metabolic acidosis with urine pH > 6
|
|
|
metabolic acidosis with urine pH > 6 :dx?
|
renal tubular acidosis
|
|
|
systemic alkalosis with urine pH < 7 :?
|
systemic alkalosis with urine pH < 7
|
|
|
systemic alkalosis with urine pH < 7 :dx?
|
potassium depletion or volume depletion
|
|
|
very alkaline urine pH > 8 :?
|
very alkaline urine pH > 8
|
|
|
very alkaline urine pH > 8 :dx?
|
infection with urea splitting bacteria
|
|
|
alkalemia :?
|
alkalemia
|
|
|
alkalemia :pH?
|
> 7.44
|
|
|
acidemia :?
|
acidemia
|
|
|
acidemia :pH?
|
< 7.36
|
|
|
anion gap :?
|
anion gap
|
|
|
anion gap :equation?
|
anion gap = Na - (Cl +HCO30 ...pos minus negs
|
|
|
respiratory compensation :?
|
respiratory compensation
|
|
|
respiratory compensation :equation?
|
pCO2 = 1.5(HCO3) + 8 +/- 2; if equal, well compensated. Otherwise respiratory alkilosis/acidosis
|
|
|
delta anion gap :?
|
delta anion gap
|
|
|
delta anion gap :equation?
|
delta anion gap = anion gap - 12
|
|
|
creatinine clearance :?
|
creatinine clearance
|
|
|
creatinine clearance :calculated by urine?
|
Cr(cl) = U(v) * U(cr) / P(cr)
|
|
|
acute tubular necrosis :?
|
acute tubular necrosis
|
|
|
acute tubular necrosis :estimate?
|
Cr(cl) = kg * (140 - age) /(72*Cr) *.85 (chicas)
|
|
|
acute tubular necrosis :Urine Na?
|
> 30 mEq/L
|
|
|
acute tubular necrosis :FE(Na)?
|
> 1%
|
|
|
volume depletion :?
|
volume depletion
|
|
|
volume depletion :Urine Na?
|
<10 mEq/L
|
|
|
volume depletion :FE(Na)?
|
<1%
|
|
|
extracelluar osmolality :?
|
extracelluar osmolality
|
|
|
extracelluar osmolality :equation?
|
P(osm) = 2Na + gluc/18 + BUN/2.8
|
|
|
hyperglycemic diabetic hyonatremia :?
|
hyperglycemic diabetic hyonatremia
|
|
|
hyperglycemic diabetic hyonatremia :tonicity?
|
hypertonic
|
|
|
low volume hyponatremia (from vomiting) :?
|
low volume hyponatremia (from vomiting)
|
|
|
low volume hyponatremia (from vomiting) :tonicity?
|
hypotonic
|
|
|
normal volume SIADH related hyponatrimia :?
|
normal volume SIADH related hyponatrimia
|
|
|
normal volume SIADH related hyponatrimia :tonicity?
|
hypotonic
|
|
|
excess volume (edema) hyponatremia :?
|
excess volume (edema) hyponatremia
|
|
|
excess volume (edema) hyponatremia :tonicity?
|
hypotonic
|
|
|
diabetes insipitous related hypernatremia :?
|
diabetes insipitous related hypernatremia
|
|
|
diabetes insipitous related hypernatremia :tonicity?
|
hypertonic
|
|
|
alveolar oxygen :?
|
alveolar oxygen
|
|
|
alveolar oxygen :equation?
|
PAO2 =147 – (PaCO2)/0.8
|
|
|
alveolar arterial oxygen gradient :?
|
alveolar arterial oxygen gradient
|
|
|
alveolar arterial oxygen gradient :equation?
|
PAO2 - PaO2 (PaO2 from arteries)
|
|
|
normal A-a gradient :?
|
normal A-a gradient
|
|
|
normal A-a gradient :equation?
|
normal A-a = (Age / 4) +4
|
|
|
CO poisoning :?
|
CO poisoning
|
|
|
CO poisoning :pulse oximetry?
|
ur fucked
|
|
|
Obstructive lung disease :?
|
Obstructive lung disease
|
|
|
Obstructive lung disease :FEV1/FVC?
|
below 70%
|
|
|
Obstructive lung disease :FEV1?
|
fucked
|
|
|
Obstructive lung disease :FVC?
|
not so fucked
|
|
|
COPD :?
|
COPD
|
|
|
COPD :FEV1/FVC?
|
below 70%
|
|
|
COPD :FEV1?
|
fucked
|
|
|
COPD :FVC?
|
not so fucked
|
|
|
asthma :?
|
asthma
|
|
|
asthma :FEV1/FVC?
|
below 70%
|
|
|
asthma :FEV1?
|
fucked
|
|
|
asthma :FVC?
|
not so fucked
|
|
|
Restrictive lung disease :?
|
Restrictive lung disease
|
|
|
Restrictive lung disease :FEV1/FVC?
|
around 70%
|
|
|
Restrictive lung disease :FEV1?
|
fucked
|
|
|
Restrictive lung disease :FVC?
|
fucked
|
|
|
jaundice with normal colored urine :bilirubin type?
|
unconjugated
|
|
|
bilirubin chronically over 5 :?
|
bilirubin chronically over 5
|
|
|
bilirubin chronically over 5 :bilirubin type?
|
conjugated
|
|
|
Gilbert's disease :?
|
Gilbert's disease
|
|
|
Gilbert's disease :bilirubin type?
|
unconjugated, up to 3
|
|
|
Gilbert's disease :where's the fuckup?
|
bilirubin metabolism
|
|
|
type I crigler Najjar syndrome :?
|
type I crigler Najjar syndrome
|
|
|
type I crigler Najjar syndrome :bilirubin type?
|
unconjugated
|
|
|
type I crigler Najjar syndrome :where's the fuckup?
|
bilirubin metabolism
|
|
|
dubin johnson syndrome :?
|
dubin johnson syndrome
|
|
|
dubin johnson syndrome :where's the fuckup?
|
impaired billiary excretion of conj bili
|
|
|
rotor syndrome :?
|
rotor syndrome
|
|
|
rotor syndrome :where's the fuckup?
|
impaired billiary excretion of conj bili
|
|
|
viral hepatitis :?
|
viral hepatitis
|
|
|
viral hepatitis :which transaminase?
|
ALT
|
|
|
alcoholic hepatitis :?
|
alcoholic hepatitis
|
|
|
alcoholic hepatitis :which transaminase?
|
AST (in mitochondria, see w/ massive necrosis)
|
|
|
cholestatic hepatobiliary lesions :?
|
cholestatic hepatobiliary lesions
|
|
|
cholestatic hepatobiliary lesions :alkaline phosphatase?
|
elevated
|
|
|
chronic hep C :?
|
chronic hep C
|
|
|
chronic hep C :lab marker?
|
hep C antibody
|
|
|
Chronic hep B :?
|
Chronic hep B
|
|
|
Chronic hep B :lab marker?
|
Hep B sAg and cAb
|
|
|
hemochromatosis :?
|
hemochromatosis
|
|
|
hemochromatosis :lab marker?
|
iron and iron binding capacity
|
|
|
wilsons disease :?
|
wilsons disease
|
|
|
wilsons disease :lab marker?
|
serum ceruloplasmin
|
|
|
Sprue :?
|
Sprue
|
|
|
Sprue :lab marker?
|
Antiendomysial and antigliadin Ab
|
|
|
Muscle disease :?
|
Muscle disease
|
|
|
Muscle disease :lab marker?
|
creatine kinase and aldolase
|
|
|
Hep A :?
|
Hep A
|
|
|
Hep A :Virus nuc acid?
|
RNA
|
|
|
Hep A :Incubation?
|
30 days
|
|
|
Hep A :Transmission?
|
Fecal oral, epidemics
|
|
|
Hep A :Fatality?
|
<<1%
|
|
|
Hep A :Chronic?
|
No
|
|
|
Hep B :?
|
Hep B
|
|
|
Hep B :Virus nuc acid?
|
DNA
|
|
|
Hep B :Incubation?
|
60 days
|
|
|
Hep B :Transmission?
|
fuckin, parenteral, birth
|
|
|
Hep B :Fatality?
|
w/ chronic
|
|
|
Hep B :Chronic?
|
0.1
|
|
|
Hep C :?
|
Hep C
|
|
|
Hep C :Virus nuc acid?
|
RNA
|
|
|
Hep C :Incubation?
|
6-8 weeks
|
|
|
Hep C :Transmission?
|
transfusions, parenteral (rarely fuckin)
|
|
|
Hep C :Fatality?
|
w/ chronic
|
|
|
Hep C :Chronic?
|
most, some clinically f'd
|
|
|
Hep D :?
|
Hep D
|
|
|
Hep D :Virus nuc acid?
|
RNA
|
|
|
Hep D :Transmission?
|
sexin', IV drugs
|
|
|
Hep D :Chronic?
|
0.45
|
|
|
Hep E :?
|
Hep E
|
|
|
Hep E :Virus nuc acid?
|
RNA
|
|
|
Hep E :Incubation?
|
40 dias
|
|
|
Hep E :Transmission?
|
Fecal oral, epidemics
|
|
|
Hep E :Fatality?
|
1%, preg 25%
|
|
|
Hep E :Chronic?
|
NO
|
|
|
Hep A 4-12 weeks :?
|
Hep A 4-12 weeks
|
|
|
Hep A 4-12 weeks :lab marker?
|
IgM Anti HAV
|
|
|
Hep A beyond 12 wks :?
|
Hep A beyond 12 wks
|
|
|
Hep A beyond 12 wks :lab marker?
|
IgG Anti HAV
|
|
|
Acute Hep B (4wks) :?
|
Acute Hep B (4wks)
|
|
|
Acute Hep B (4wks) :lab marker?
|
HBsAG
|
|
|
Acute Hep B 8-30 wks :?
|
Acute Hep B 8-30 wks
|
|
|
Acute Hep B 8-30 wks :lab marker?
|
IgM Anti HBc
|
|
|
resolved Hep B, over 25 wks :?
|
resolved Hep B, over 25 wks
|
|
|
resolved Hep B, over 25 wks :lab marker?
|
IgG anti HBs and Anti HBc
|
|
|
chronic Hep B > 6 months :?
|
chronic Hep B > 6 months
|
|
|
chronic Hep B > 6 months :lab marker?
|
HBsAg; HBeAg; Anti HBvAg; HBV-DNA
|
|
|
vaccinated against Hep B :?
|
vaccinated against Hep B
|
|
|
vaccinated against Hep B :lab marker?
|
antibody to surface Ag, but not core
|
|
|
Hep C after 12 wks :?
|
Hep C after 12 wks
|
|
|
Hep C after 12 wks :lab marker?
|
Anti HCV (ELISA)
|
|
|
Hep C before 12 wks :?
|
Hep C before 12 wks
|
|
|
Hep C before 12 wks :lab marker?
|
PCR for HCV RNA, RIBA confirms
|
|
|
Hep D 4-16 weeks :?
|
Hep D 4-16 weeks
|
|
|
Hep D 4-16 weeks :lab marker?
|
HDAg
|
|
|
Hep D > 8 wks :?
|
Hep D > 8 wks
|
|
|
Hep D > 8 wks :lab marker?
|
Anti HDV
|
|
|
Hep E 4-8 wks :?
|
Hep E 4-8 wks
|
|
|
Hep E 4-8 wks :lab marker?
|
IgM anti HEV
|
|
|
Hep E previous exposure :?
|
Hep E previous exposure
|
|
|
Hep E previous exposure :lab marker?
|
IgG Anti HEV but no IgM
|
|
|
Ascites from Blockage of thoracic duct (lung cancer, lymphoma) :?
|
Ascites from Blockage of thoracic duct (lung cancer, lymphoma)
|
|
|
Ascites from Blockage of thoracic duct (lung cancer, lymphoma) :Pressure?
|
High pressure in lymphatic duct (watch out for rupture)
|
|
|
Ascites from Blockage of thoracic duct (lung cancer, lymphoma) :Ascites Contents?
|
high protein, chylous ascites (opalescent)
|
|
|
Ascites from heart failure, pericarditis, Budd Chiari (thrombosis of hepatic vein) :?
|
Ascites from heart failure, pericarditis, Budd Chiari (thrombosis of hepatic vein)
|
|
|
Ascites from heart failure, pericarditis, Budd Chiari (thrombosis of hepatic vein) :Pressure?
|
high pressure in hepatic vein, not transmitted back
|
|
|
Ascites from heart failure, pericarditis, Budd Chiari (thrombosis of hepatic vein) :Ascites Contents?
|
high protein fluid from hepatic sinusoid
|
|
|
Ascites from Cirrhosis :?
|
Ascites from Cirrhosis
|
|
|
Ascites from Cirrhosis :Pressure?
|
high pressuer transmitted back
|
|
|
Ascites from Cirrhosis :Ascites Contents?
|
Low protein/water leak from mesenteric capillary
|
|
|
Ascites from Cirrhosis :protein concentration?
|
> 3 gm/dl
|
|
|
Portal vein thrombosis ascites :?
|
Portal vein thrombosis ascites
|
|
|
Portal vein thrombosis ascites :Pressure?
|
high pressure in mesenteric capillary
|
|
|
Portal vein thrombosis ascites :Ascites Contents?
|
low fluid production, reabsorbed by lymphatics
|
|
|
peritoneal infection :?
|
peritoneal infection
|
|
|
peritoneal infection :CBC and diff?
|
> 300 PMNs/mm3
|
|
|
TB peritonitis :?
|
TB peritonitis
|
|
|
TB peritonitis :CBC and diff?
|
>300 lymphocytes/mm3
|
|
|
TB peritonitis :culture?
|
centrifuge several 100 mL of fluid into pellet
|
|
|
ascites w/ ruptured pancreatic duct :?
|
ascites w/ ruptured pancreatic duct
|
|
|
ascites w/ ruptured pancreatic duct :lab marker?
|
amylase, lots of the shit
|
|
|
Zollinger Ellison :?
|
Zollinger Ellison
|
|
|
Zollinger Ellison :BAO/MAO?
|
> 60%
|
|
|
Zollinger Ellison :Serum gastrin?
|
>1000 w/ acid secretion
|
|
|
Zollinger Ellison :Secretin test?
|
gastrin inc more than 200 pg/ml after secretin infusion
|
|
|
chronic pancreatitis :?
|
chronic pancreatitis
|
|
|
chronic pancreatitis :Secretin test?
|
HCO3 ~70 + pain
|
|
|
pancreatic exocrine insufficiency :?
|
pancreatic exocrine insufficiency
|
|
|
pancreatic exocrine insufficiency :Secretin test?
|
HCO3 < 50
|
|
|
pancreatic exocrine insufficiency :bentiromide test?
|
low urinary arylamine metabolites
|
|
|
H pylori peptic ulcer disease :?
|
H pylori peptic ulcer disease
|
|
|
Rheumatoid arthritis :site of pain?
|
small joints of hand/wrist
|
|
|
Rheumatoid arthritis :symmetrical polyarticular??
|
yes
|
|
|
Rheumatoid arthritis :"articularity"?
|
polyarticular
|
|
|
Rheumatoid arthritis :sx time of day?
|
morning stiffness
|
|
|
Rheumatoid arthritis :synovial inflammation?
|
yes
|
|
|
Rheumatoid arthritis :synovial complement?
|
low
|
|
|
Rheumatoid arthritis :age?
|
30-50
|
|
|
Rheumatoid arthritis :gender?
|
female
|
|
|
Rheumatoid arthritis :anti-phospholipid??
|
no
|
|
|
osteoarthritis :?
|
osteoarthritis
|
|
|
osteoarthritis :site of pain?
|
large joints
|
|
|
osteoarthritis :symmetrical polyarticular??
|
no
|
|
|
osteoarthritis :sx time of day?
|
end of day stiffness
|
|
|
osteoarthritis :radiographs?
|
osteophytes, joint space narrowing
|
|
|
osteoarthritis :synovial inflammation?
|
no
|
|
|
osteoarthritis :age?
|
young
|
|
|
osteoarthritis :gender?
|
male
|
|
|
SLE :?
|
SLE
|
|
|
SLE :blood tests?
|
ANA+; Anit-DNA+
|
|
|
SLE :synovial inflammation?
|
mild
|
|
|
SLE :anti-phospholipid??
|
yea
|
|
|
Ankylosing spondylitis :?
|
Ankylosing spondylitis
|
|
|
Ankylosing spondylitis :site of pain?
|
back
|
|
|
Ankylosing spondylitis :"articularity"?
|
oligoarticular
|
|
|
Ankylosing spondylitis :radiographs?
|
sacroiliitis, vertebral squaring
|
|
|
Ankylosing spondylitis :synovial inflammation?
|
yes
|
|
|
Ankylosing spondylitis :synovial complement?
|
high
|
|
|
gout :?
|
gout
|
|
|
gout :synovial fluid?
|
negatively birefringent cyrstals
|
|
|
fibromyalgia :?
|
fibromyalgia
|
|
|
fibromyalgia :site of pain?
|
chronic pain all over
|
|
|
scleroderma :?
|
scleroderma
|
|
|
scleroderma :clinical feature?
|
skin tightening
|
|
|
scleroderma :anti-phospholipid??
|
no
|
|
|
polymyositis :?
|
polymyositis
|
|
|
polymyositis :site of pain?
|
muscles
|
|
|
polymyositis :clinical feature?
|
muscle weakness and pain
|
|
|
drug induced lupus :?
|
drug induced lupus
|
|
|
drug induced lupus :ANA staining patterns?
|
smooth
|
|
|
mild cutaneous lupus :?
|
mild cutaneous lupus
|
|
|
mild cutaneous lupus :ANA staining patterns?
|
speckled (Anti-Sm, anti-RNP, anti-Ro, anti-La)
|
|
|
scleroderma :?
|
scleroderma
|
|
|
scleroderma :ANA staining patterns?
|
nucleolar
|
|
|
CREST :?
|
CREST
|
|
|
CREST :ANA staining patterns?
|
centromere binding
|
|
|
gout :?
|
gout
|
|
|
gout :crystal chemistry?
|
sodium urate
|
|
|
gout :crystal shape?
|
needle
|
|
|
gout :crystal bifringence?
|
negative
|
|
|
pseudogout :?
|
pseudogout
|
|
|
pseudogout :crystal chemistry?
|
calcium pyrophosphate
|
|
|
pseudogout :crystal shape?
|
cuboidal
|
|
|
pseudogout :crystal bifringence?
|
positive
|
|
|
non-inflammatory :?
|
non-inflammatory
|
|
|
non-inflammatory :synovial fluid category?
|
Group I
|
|
|
non-inflammatory :synovial cell count?
|
2500/mm3
|
|
|
non-inflammatory :synovial WBC diff?
|
<50% PMN
|
|
|
inflamatory :?
|
inflamatory
|
|
|
inflamatory :synovial fluid category?
|
Group II
|
|
|
inflamatory :synovial cell count?
|
2500-50K
|
|
|
inflamatory :synovial WBC diff?
|
>50% PMN
|
|
|
bacterial infection :?
|
bacterial infection
|
|
|
bacterial infection :synovial fluid category?
|
Group III
|
|
|
bacterial infection :synovial cell count?
|
over 50K
|
|
|
bacterial infection :synovial WBC diff?
|
> 90% PMN
|
|
|
Testicular Cancer :Markers?
|
HCG and AFP
|
|
|
Ovarian Cancer :?
|
Ovarian Cancer
|
|
|
Ovarian Cancer :Markers?
|
CA 125 (many flase positives, not good for screening)
|
|
|
Colorectal Cancer :?
|
Colorectal Cancer
|
|
|
Colorectal Cancer :Markers?
|
CEA
|
|
|
Prostate Cancer :?
|
Prostate Cancer
|
|
|
Prostate Cancer :Markers?
|
PSA >4 (specific for prostate, not cancer) PSA velocity best
|
|
|
Normal :CSF protein?
|
15-45 mg/dl
|
|
|
Normal :CSF glucose?
|
45-80 mg/dl
|
|
|
Normal :CSF cells?
|
very few, no RBC
|
|
|
traumatic tap :?
|
traumatic tap
|
|
|
traumatic tap :spinned down color?
|
clear
|
|
|
subarachniod hemmorhage :?
|
subarachniod hemmorhage
|
|
|
subarachniod hemmorhage :spinned down color?
|
xanthochromic (pink)
|
|
|
viral meningitis :?
|
viral meningitis
|
|
|
viral meningitis :shaking chills?
|
no
|
|
|
viral meningitis :peripheral white count up?
|
no
|
|
|
viral meningitis :altered sensorium?
|
no, or mild delirium
|
|
|
viral meningitis :CSF count?
|
<1000, mostly lymphs
|
|
|
viral meningitis :CSF glucose?
|
normal, slightly low
|
|
|
viral meningitis :CSF protein?
|
under 130
|
|
|
bacterial meningitis :?
|
bacterial meningitis
|
|
|
bacterial meningitis :shaking chills?
|
yes
|
|
|
bacterial meningitis :peripheral white count up?
|
yes
|
|
|
bacterial meningitis :altered sensorium?
|
yes
|
|
|
bacterial meningitis :CSF count?
|
over 1K, pmns
|
|
|
bacterial meningitis :CSF glucose?
|
stupid low
|
|
|
bacterial meningitis :CSF protein?
|
high to stupid high
|
|
|
Exudates :?
|
Exudates
|
|
|
Exudates :specific gravity?
|
over 1.016
|
|
|
transudate :?
|
transudate
|
|
|
transudate :specific gravity?
|
under 1.016
|
|
|
R arm -> L Arm :Lead?
|
I
|
|
|
R arm -> L Leg :?
|
R arm -> L Leg
|
|
|
R arm -> L Leg :Lead?
|
II
|
|
|
L arm -> R Leg :?
|
L arm -> R Leg
|
|
|
L arm -> R Leg :Lead?
|
III
|
|
|
Right Arm+ :?
|
Right Arm+
|
|
|
Right Arm+ :Lead?
|
aVR
|
|
|
Left arm + :?
|
Left arm +
|
|
|
Left arm + :Lead?
|
aVL
|
|
|
Left foot + :?
|
Left foot +
|
|
|
Left foot + :Lead?
|
aVF
|
|
|
4th intercostal space, right of sternum :?
|
4th intercostal space, right of sternum
|
|
|
4th intercostal space, right of sternum :Lead?
|
V1
|
|
|
4th intercostal space, LEFT of sternum :?
|
4th intercostal space, LEFT of sternum
|
|
|
4th intercostal space, LEFT of sternum :Lead?
|
V2
|
|
|
Midway between left sternum 4thIS and Midclavicular line 5th IS :?
|
Midway between left sternum 4thIS and Midclavicular line 5th IS
|
|
|
Midway between left sternum 4thIS and Midclavicular line 5th IS :Lead?
|
V3
|
|
|
5th intercostal space, midclavicular line :?
|
5th intercostal space, midclavicular line
|
|
|
5th intercostal space, midclavicular line :Lead?
|
V4
|
|
|
direction of most electrical activity in Precordial lead :?
|
direction of most electrical activity in Precordial lead
|
|
|
direction of most electrical activity in Precordial lead :Lead?
|
V4
|
|
|
anterior axillary line :?
|
anterior axillary line
|
|
|
anterior axillary line :Lead?
|
V5
|
|
|
Mid Axillary line :?
|
Mid Axillary line
|
|
|
Mid Axillary line :Lead?
|
V6
|
|
|
I :?
|
I
|
|
|
I :Lead Location?
|
R arm -> L Arm
|
|
|
II :?
|
II
|
|
|
II :Lead Location?
|
R arm -> L Leg
|
|
|
III :?
|
III
|
|
|
III :Lead Location?
|
L leg -> L Arm
|
|
|
aVR :?
|
aVR
|
|
|
aVR :Lead Location?
|
Right Arm+
|
|
|
aVL :?
|
aVL
|
|
|
aVL :Lead Location?
|
Left arm +
|
|
|
aVF :?
|
aVF
|
|
|
aVF :Lead Location?
|
Left foot +
|
|
|
V1 :?
|
V1
|
|
|
V1 :Lead Location?
|
4th intercostal space, right of sternum
|
|
|
V2 :?
|
V2
|
|
|
V2 :Lead Location?
|
4th intercostal space, LEFT of sternum
|
|
|
V3 :?
|
V3
|
|
|
V3 :Lead Location?
|
Midway between left sternum 4thIS and Midclavicular line 5th IS
|
|
|
V4 :?
|
V4
|
|
|
V4 :Lead Location?
|
5th intercostal space, midclavicular line
|
|
|
V5 :?
|
V5
|
|
|
V5 :Lead Location?
|
anterior axillary line
|
|
|
V6 :?
|
V6
|
|
|
V6 :Lead Location?
|
Mid Axillary line
|
|
|
depolarization of atria :?
|
depolarization of atria
|
|
|
depolarization of atria :ECG event?
|
P wave
|
|
|
beginning of P to beginning of QRS :?
|
beginning of P to beginning of QRS
|
|
|
beginning of P to beginning of QRS :ECG event?
|
PR interval
|
|
|
depolarization of ventricles :?
|
depolarization of ventricles
|
|
|
depolarization of ventricles :ECG event?
|
QRS complex
|
|
|
QRS to end of T :?
|
QRS to end of T
|
|
|
QRS to end of T :ECG event?
|
QT interval
|
|
|
End of QRS to beginning of T :?
|
End of QRS to beginning of T
|
|
|
End of QRS to beginning of T :ECG event?
|
ST segment
|
|
|
ventricular repolarization :?
|
ventricular repolarization
|
|
|
ventricular repolarization :ECG event?
|
T wave
|
|
|
seen in hypokallemia :?
|
seen in hypokallemia
|
|
|
seen in hypokallemia :ECG event?
|
U wave
|
|
|
Wolf-Parkinson-White :?
|
Wolf-Parkinson-White
|
|
|
Wolf-Parkinson-White :PR interval?
|
Short
|
|
|
Wolf-Parkinson-White :QRS width?
|
Wide
|
|
|
Right bundle branch block :?
|
Right bundle branch block
|
|
|
Right bundle branch block :QRS width?
|
Wide
|
|
|
Right bundle branch block :axis?
|
normal or rightward (over 90 degrees)
|
|
|
Right bundle branch block :terminal QRS deflection in V1/2?
|
positive
|
|
|
Right bundle branch block :Terminal QRS deflection V5/V6?
|
negative
|
|
|
Right bundle branch block :RSR' leads?
|
V1/V2
|
|
|
Right bundle branch block :significant S leads?
|
lateral leads (I, aVL, V6, V6)
|
|
|
Left bundle branch block :?
|
Left bundle branch block
|
|
|
Left bundle branch block :QRS width?
|
wide
|
|
|
Left bundle branch block :terminal QRS deflection in V1/2?
|
negative
|
|
|
Left bundle branch block :Terminal QRS deflection V5/V6?
|
positive
|
|
|
Left bundle branch block :RSR' leads?
|
V5/V6
|
|
|
Left bundle branch block :significant S leads?
|
V1, V2, V3
|
|
|
Ischemia :?
|
Ischemia
|
|
|
Ischemia :ST?
|
depressed, usually localized depression
|
|
|
Inferior :?
|
Inferior
|
|
|
Inferior :Lead (s)?
|
II, III, aVF
|
|
|
Anterior :?
|
Anterior
|
|
|
Anterior :Lead (s)?
|
V1, V2
|
|
|
Septal :?
|
Septal
|
|
|
Septal :Lead (s)?
|
V3, V4
|
|
|
Lateral :?
|
Lateral
|
|
|
Lateral :Lead (s)?
|
V5, V6m I, aVL
|
|
|
transmural infarction :?
|
transmural infarction
|
|
|
transmural infarction :ST?
|
elevated
|
|
|
Hyperacute infarction :?
|
Hyperacute infarction
|
|
|
Hyperacute infarction :ST?
|
elevated ST at site, reciprocal ST depression in opposite leads
|
|
|
Hyperacute infarction :T waves?
|
elevated
|
|
|
Hyperacute infarction :Q waves?
|
not yet present
|
|
|
Acite (hrs) inarction :?
|
Acite (hrs) inarction
|
|
|
Acite (hrs) inarction :ST?
|
elevated ST
|
|
|
Acite (hrs) inarction :T waves?
|
inverts
|
|
|
Acite (hrs) inarction :Q waves?
|
develop
|
|
|
Recent infarction (wks-mos) :?
|
Recent infarction (wks-mos)
|
|
|
Recent infarction (wks-mos) :ST?
|
normal ST
|
|
|
Recent infarction (wks-mos) :T waves?
|
inverted
|
|
|
Recent infarction (wks-mos) :Q waves?
|
remain
|
|
|
Prior MI :?
|
Prior MI
|
|
|
Prior MI :ST?
|
normal
|
|
|
Prior MI :T waves?
|
normal
|
|
|
Prior MI :Q waves?
|
remain
|
|
|
Pericarditis :?
|
Pericarditis
|
|
|
Pericarditis :ST?
|
elevated in all leads
|
|
|
2-6 hours after infarction :?
|
2-6 hours after infarction
|
|
|
2-6 hours after infarction :Troponin complex?
|
rise
|
|
|
10-24 hours after infarction :?
|
10-24 hours after infarction
|
|
|
10-24 hours after infarction :Troponin complex?
|
peak
|
|
|
7-14 days after infarction :?
|
7-14 days after infarction
|
|
|
7-14 days after infarction :Troponin complex?
|
normalize
|
|
|
infarction :?
|
infarction
|
|
|
infarction :CKMB?
|
over 6.5 ng/ml
|
|
|
infarction :CKMB2/CKMB1?
|
over 1.5
|
|
|
left ventricular hypertrophy :?
|
left ventricular hypertrophy
|
|
|
right ventricular hypertrophy :?
|
right ventricular hypertrophy
|
|
|
hypothyroid with no pituitary disease :TSH?
|
elevated
|
|
|
hyperthyroid :?
|
hyperthyroid
|
|
|
hyperthyroid :TSH?
|
low
|
|
|
pregnancy :?
|
pregnancy
|
|
|
pregnancy :thyroid binding globulin (TGB)?
|
increase
|
|
|
liver disease :?
|
liver disease
|
|
|
liver disease :thyroid binding globulin (TGB)?
|
decrease
|
|
|
malignant thyroid nodule :?
|
malignant thyroid nodule
|
|
|
malignant thyroid nodule :temperature metaphor?
|
cold
|
|
|
benign thyroid ndule :?
|
benign thyroid ndule
|
|
|
benign thyroid ndule :temperature metaphor?
|
hot
|
|
|
primary adrenal failure (dysfunction) :?
|
primary adrenal failure (dysfunction)
|
|
|
primary adrenal failure (dysfunction) :ACTH?
|
up
|
|
|
primary adrenal failure (dysfunction) :pigmenation or pallor?
|
hyperpigmentation
|
|
|
primary adrenal failure (dysfunction) :aldosterone?
|
down
|
|
|
primary adrenal failure (dysfunction) :potassium?
|
up
|
|
|
secondary adrenal failure (H/P axis) :?
|
secondary adrenal failure (H/P axis)
|
|
|
secondary adrenal failure (H/P axis) :ACTH?
|
down
|
|
|
secondary adrenal failure (H/P axis) :pigmenation or pallor?
|
pallor
|
|
|
adrenal insuficiency :?
|
adrenal insuficiency
|
|
|
adrenal insuficiency :cortosyn (synthetic ACTH) injection?
|
suprressed cortisol secretion response
|
|
|
Cushing's syndrome :?
|
Cushing's syndrome
|
|
|
Cushing's syndrome :ACTH?
|
high
|
|
|
Cushing's syndrome :24 hours urine cortisol?
|
3x normal or more is diagnostic
|
|
|
Cushing's syndrome :response to Dexamethasone?
|
suppression of cortisol
|
|
|
Cushing's syndrome :midnight cortisol?
|
too high
|
|
|
adrenal tumor :?
|
adrenal tumor
|
|
|
adrenal tumor :ACTH?
|
low
|
|
|
adrenal tumor :midnight cortisol?
|
high
|
|
|
ectopic ACTIH :?
|
ectopic ACTIH
|
|
|
ectopic ACTIH :response to Dexamethasone?
|
no suppression
|
|
|
1 gram decrease in albumin :?
|
1 gram decrease in albumin
|
|
|
1 gram decrease in albumin :corresponding decrease in Ca++?
|
0.8 mg/dl
|
|
|
hypercalcemia :?
|
hypercalcemia
|
|
|
hypercalcemia :QT interval?
|
short
|
|
|
hypercalcemia :trousseau's sign (carpal spasm w/ BP cuff)?
|
no
|
|
|
hypercalcemia :Chvostek's sign (facial muscle twitching from tapping VII)?
|
no
|
|
|
hypercalcemia :could be low albumin??
|
no
|
|
|
hypocalcemia :?
|
hypocalcemia
|
|
|
hypocalcemia :QT interval?
|
long
|
|
|
hypocalcemia :trousseau's sign (carpal spasm w/ BP cuff)?
|
yes
|
|
|
hypocalcemia :Chvostek's sign (facial muscle twitching from tapping VII)?
|
yes
|
|
|
hypocalcemia :could be low albumin??
|
yes
|
|
|
hyperparathyroidism :?
|
hyperparathyroidism
|
|
|
hyperparathyroidism :renal stones?
|
yes
|
|
|
hypercalcemia of malignancy :?
|
hypercalcemia of malignancy
|
|
|
hypercalcemia of malignancy :renal stones?
|
no
|
|
|
diabetes :?
|
diabetes
|
|
|
diabetes :random plasma glucose?
|
over 200
|
|
|
diabetes :fasting plasma glucose?
|
over 126
|
|
|
diabetes :oral glucose tolerance test?
|
over 200
|
|
|
diabetes :Hemoglobin A1C?
|
over 10%
|
|
|
time of diabetic control assessed :?
|
time of diabetic control assessed
|
|
|
time of diabetic control assessed :Hemoglobin A1C?
|
2-3 months
|
|
|
time of diabetic control assessed :Serum fructosamine?
|
4-6 weeks
|
|
|
Acromegaly :?
|
Acromegaly
|
|
|
Acromegaly :oral glucose tolerance test?
|
GH not suppressed
|
