Lab Dx Final

Front 1

basic evaluation of the cells suspended in the liquid part of blood

Back 1

CBC
- WBC, RBC, platelets

Front 2

complete blood count is actually a series of tests...which one's?

Back 2

# RBC
#WBC
# platelets
hemoglobin
hematocrit (packed cell vol)
RBC indices & morphology
WBC differential (types & %)

Front 3

RBC Count

Back 3

The number of RBC's per unit volume is measured directly and given in millions per microliter.

Front 4

content is measured directly and given in grams per deciliter. This value, along with Hct, provides the most useful measure of the oxygen carrying capacity of the blood.

Back 4

Hemoglobin (Hgb)

Front 5

The packed cell volume expressed as % of RBC per volume of whole blood

Back 5

Hematocrit (Hct)

Front 6

is a calculated value (RBC count x MCV) and provides a measure of the amount of oxygen carrying capacity of the blood.

Back 6

Hematocrit (Hct)

Front 7

measures the percentage of red blood cells in the total blood volume.

Back 7

hematocrit (Hct),

Front 8

The hematocrit (expressed as percentage) is normally about three times the

Back 8

hemoglobin concentration (reported as grams per deciliter).

Front 9

Mean Corpuscular Volume (MCV)

Back 9

The MCV is measured directly; the unit is a femtoliter. The MCV measures the size of RBC's

Front 10

is the most important index for classification of anemias into "macrocytic" with higher than normal and "microcytic" with low

Back 10

Mean Corpuscular Volume (MCV)

Front 11

is calculated (Hgb ÷ RBC count) and gives the average mass of Hgb in an individual RBC; the unit is a picogram.

Back 11

Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin (MCH)

Front 12

Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin (MCHC)

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The MCHC is calculated (Hgb ÷ Hct)

Front 13

normals for :
MCV
MCHC
MCH
RDW

Back 13

MCV 82-98 fl (femtoliters)
MCHC 31-37 g/dl
MCH 26-34 pg (picograms)
RDW 11.5-14.5%.

Front 14

indices are useful in differentiating types of anemias.

Back 14

Red blood cell indices

Front 15

most common causes of macrocytic anemia (high MCV)

Back 15

vitamin B12 and folic acid deficiencies

Front 16

most common causes of microcytic anemia (low MCV)

Back 16

iron deficit, thalassemia,and chronic illness

Front 17

most common causes of normocytic anemia (normal MCV)

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kidney and liver disease, bone marrow disorders, or excessive bleeding or hemolysis of the red blood cells.

Front 18

RDW is _________ in anemias caused by deficiencies of iron, vitamin B12, or folic acid.

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INCREASED

Front 19

example of abnormal hemoglobins that can change the shape of RBC as well as cause them to hemolyze

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sickle cell anemia

Front 20

abnormal shape and the cell fragments resulting from hemolysis will do what to the RDW

Back 20

increase

Front 21

Conditions that cause __________(more/less) immature cells to be released into the bloodstream, such as severe blood loss, will increase the RDW. The larger size of immature cells creates a distinct size variation.

Back 21

more

Front 22

diagnostic test that determines the number of platelets in the patient's blood.

Back 22

A platelet count

Front 23

are small disk-shaped blood cells produced in the bone marrow and involved in the process of blood clotting.

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Platelets, which are also called thrombocytes

Front 24

normal
platelets

Back 24

150,000-450,000 platelets in each microliter of blood

Front 25

Low platelet counts or abnormally shaped platelets are associated with

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bleeding disorders

Front 26

High platelet counts sometimes indicate disorders of

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the bone marrow.

Front 27

The primary functions of a platelet count

Back 27

assist in the diagnosis of bleeding disorders and to monitor patients who are being treated for any disease involving bone marrow failure.

Leukemia
polycythemia vera
aplastic anemia

Front 28

An abnormally low platelet level (thrombocytopenia) may result from

Back 28

increased destruction of platelets
idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP)
Hypersplenism
decreased production
Aplasti anemia
increased usage of platelets
Disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC)

Front 29

Abnormally high platelet levels (thrombocytosis) may indicate

Back 29

benign reaction to an infection, surgery, or certain medications
polycythemia vera, in which the bone marrow produces too many platelets too quickly.

Front 30

Normal WBC

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4,500 - 11,000/cmm

Front 31

an increased number of WBC

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Leukocytosis

Front 32

a decreased number of WBC

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Leukopenia

Front 33

Diagnosis of myeloproliferative disorders, myelodysplasias, various other hematologic disorders

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White Cell Differential

Front 34

Normal Adult WBC Differential
Segs
Bands
Meta
Myelo
Eos
Baso
Lymph
Mono

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Segs 50-75%
Bands 0-7%
Meta 0-1%
Myelo 0%
Eos 0-4%
Baso 0-2%
Lymph 20-40%
Mono 0-5%

Front 35

A determination of the relative (%) proportion of the different types of WBC

Back 35

White Cell Differential

Front 36

is a relative count (%)

Back 36

The differential count

Front 37

actual number of cells/cmm of blood

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absolute

Front 38

Absolute =

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% cells x the total WBC

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Back 39

Eosinophil

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Back 40

Plasma Cell

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Back 41

Segmented
Neutrophil

Front 42

Back 42

monocyte

Front 43

Back 43

lymphocyte

Front 44

affects all types of white blood cells:
neutrophilia, lymphocytosis, and granulocytosis

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Leukocytosis

Front 45

considered elevated when they are between 12,000-20,000 per microliter

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Leukocyte or white blood cell levels

Front 46

The most common and important causes of leukocytosis

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inflammation and infection

Front 47

most infections cause

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neutrophilia

Front 48

CHART

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Front 49

A general term that indicates the performance of a variety
of tests on healthy or sick patients

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SCREENING

Front 50

Criteria for Effective Screening

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Technically reliable, cost effective
Effective therapy
At risk population must be identified
Represent a significant health problem

Front 51

Batteries of tests performed on healthy subjects for baseline data, risk assessment, or pre-admission

Split opinion as to value

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Multiphasic Screening

Front 52

Designed to confirm or exclude a specific condition

Organ profiles or panels

4 to 8 tests per profile or panel

Considered to be cost effective

Back 52

Targeted Screening

Front 53

Renal Panel Pancreatic Panel
Diabetic Panel Hepatic Panel
Bone/Joint Panel Cardiac Risk Panel
Anemia Panel Arthritis Panel

Back 53

Targeted Screenings

Front 54

Renal Panel

Back 54

BUN/Creatinine
Creatinine Clearance
Total Protein (Serum & Urine)
Electrolytes (Na+,K+,Cl-)
Glucose

Front 55

Pancreatic Panel

Back 55

Amylase
Lipase
Calcium
Glucose

Front 56

Glucose-Fasting
Glucose-2Hr
BUN/Creatinine
Cholesterol/Triglycerides
Glycoslated hemoglobin

Back 56

Diabetic Panel

Front 57

Hepatic Panel

Back 57

ALT AST
Alk Phosphatase Gamma GT
Bilirubin Total Protein
Albumin Prothrombin

Front 58

Uric Acid Calcium
Phosphorus Alk Phosphatase
Total Protein Albumin

Back 58

Bone/Joint Panel

Front 59

Cholesterol
Triglycerides
LDL/HDL
Glucose

Back 59

Cardiac Risk Panel

Front 60

CBC RBC Indices
Serum Iron Iron Binding Capacity
Serum Ferritin Serum Folate
Serum B12 Reticulocyte Count

Back 60

Anemia Panel

Front 61

CBC ESR
C-Reactive Protein Rheumatoid Factor
Uric Acid ANA

Back 61

Arthritis Panel

Front 62

TYPES OF CLINICAL LABORATORIES

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Commercial / Reference

Hospital

Clinic

Office

Front 63

usually a privately owned, decentralized facility which performs laboratory tests for private physicians, nursing homes, out-patient health centers, and which serves as a reference laboratory for smaller hospitals

Back 63

Commercial / Reference Laboratories

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Commercial / Reference Laboratories
Advantages

Back 64

Full service
Cost
Quality
Supplies
Information source
Continuing education

Front 65

Commercial / Reference Laboratories
Disadvantages

Back 65

Availability
Inconvenience
Cost

Front 66

is a centralized facility that primarily performs tests on in-patients and serves the needs of the medical staff.

Back 66

Hospital Laboratories

Front 67

Hospital Laboratories
ADVANTAGES

Back 67

Increased accessibility
Quality
Information source

Front 68

Hospital Laboratories
DISADVANTAGES

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Lack of interest
Limited testing
Patient-Sample-Results logistics
Cost ?
Supplies ?
Limited services

Front 69

centralized facility which performs tests on patients while they are at the Doctor's office

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clinic laboratory

Front 70

a type of shared facility, which is utilized by the Doctors within the clinic.

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Clinic laboratories

Front 71

a facility that is in the Doctors office and usually performs tests only on the patients of that Doctor

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office laboratory

Front 72

OFFICE LABORATORIES
ADVANTAGES

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Convenience
Control of quality
Decreased cost
Potential source of revenue
Improved patient care

Front 73

OFFICE LABORATORIES
DISADVANTAGES

Back 73

Time and space restrictions
Capital expenses
Increased cost ?
Lack of quality ?
Prohibitive regulations

Front 74

IN OFFICE TESTING

Back 74

Urinanalysis

• pH • Sp.gravity
• glucose • bile/bilirubin
• protein • blood
• ketones • nitrates
( microscopic exam of urine sediment)

Stool exam for occult blood
Blood glucose
Culture collection supplies for throat and urine cultures
Blood drawing supplies for tests that are sent out


Serology

pregnancy test
mononucleosis screen
rheumatoid factor screen
lupus/ANA screen
rheumatic fever/ ASO screen