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57 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Pseudo anemia
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over hydration
iv fluid fluid retention pregnancy hypoalbuminemia |
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Gold Standard for Iron Deficiency
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bone Marrow Iron Stain
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Free Erythrocyte Protoporphyrin
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if iron isn't available, ZINC binds with protoporphyrin
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decreased Serum Iron and
Decreased Total Iron-Binding Capacity |
Chronic Disease
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Decreased SI and Increased TIBC
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Iron Deficiency
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Decreased DI and decreased %TS
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thalassemia minor
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Make B12 look low
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a lot of Vitamin C
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Make B12 look high
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liver disease
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High MMA or Methylmalonic acid =
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low B12
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Folic acid deficiency
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megaloblastic anemia
use shilling test to get away from pernicious anemia |
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Atrophic gastritis
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lack of gastric HCL
IF deficiency |
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Shilling Test
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Pernicious Anemia
29% false positives |
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Dysbiosis
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gut flora imbalance
can alter shilling test |
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Pyridoxine Deficiency
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B6
resembles chronic Fe def ring sideroblasts in bone marrow |
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Two types of Depletion Anemia
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Abnormal loss of RBC
Abnormal destruction |
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direct coomb's test
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detects iso- and auto- antibodies
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sickle cell anemia
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abdominal and bone pain are common
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Second most sensitive test
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serum ferritin
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Who has more WBC's.
adults or infants shortly after birth |
infants shortly after birth
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Chronic blood loss will present with
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microcytic hypochromic cells
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Philadelphia chromosome
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22
ALL Acute lymphoblastic leukemia |
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Reed Sternberg cells
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Hodgkins
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Pernicious Anemia causes
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oval macrocytes
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Most Common cause of Anemia
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Bleeding
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Heinz bodies indicate
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RBC enzyme defect
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Leukemic Lymphomas
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lymphomas that spreadds to the bone marrow and peripheral blood
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Iron deficiency anemia
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MCV is decreased and RDW is increased
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thalasemmia
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genetic defect in the globin chains
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Hb F
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infant hemoglobin
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Depletion anemia
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blood loss or destruction
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Can lead to a decrease in neuttrophils
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Megaloblastic or aplastic anemia
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70% of iron in the body is stored in
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hemoglobin
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Caloric Study
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evaluate CN VIII
temporal portion of cerebrum |
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Cold water causes rotary nystagmus_________from the ear.
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away
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Hot water causes rotary nystagmus________from the ear.
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Toward
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What can alter the Caloric Test
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Sedatives and anti-vertigo
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Caloric Test should be done?
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on an empty stomach
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Cardiac Stress Test Normal Finding?
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85% maximal HR
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Interfering Factors for Cardiac Stress Test
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Heavy Metals - diverts blood to GI
Nicotine - coronary artery spasm |
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Cardiac Stress Test can help identify
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coronary artery occlusive disease
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Manometry is the measurement of ?
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Pressure
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Esophageal manometry Malinger Test
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Bernstein Test
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Presbyesophagus
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Synchronous contraction of the esophagus which traps food between the areas of contraction
Seen in elderly |
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Chalasia
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Absence of tone in the LES which allows reflux of gastric contents - newborns
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Achalasia
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LES does not relax and obstructs the passage of food into the stomach - young adults
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Tourniquet Test
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Capillary fragility
platelet disorder |
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Peripheral Blood Smear
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amount, shape, color, and structure
WBC differential information |
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Basophilic Slipping
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Lead Poisoning
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Howell-Jolly bodies
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Hemolytic anemia, Megaloblastic anemia
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Bone Marrow Biiopsy
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Megaloblastic
leukemia Iron deficiency fibrosis lymphomas |
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Pap Smear
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95% cervical accuracy
40% endometrial accuracy |
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Occult Blood
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GI cancer
Peptic disease VARICES Crohn's |
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Fecal Fat
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Steatorrhea
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Unconjugated Billirubin binds with
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Albumin - carried to liver
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Hemolysis
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Jaundice
Unconjugated bilirubin |
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Extrahepatic Obstruction
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No urobilinogen can be formed = clay-colored stools
Serum conjugated billirubin exceeds unconjugated |
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Intrahepatic Obstruction
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Obstruction of small biliary channels between liver cells
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