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54 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Normal magnesium level is ___.
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1.5-2.5 mEq/liter
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What ion moves with potassium?
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magnesium
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Conditions that cause K+ depletion?
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vomiting, diarrhea, diuretics
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Reasons for decreased Mg include?
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Chronic diarrhea, diuretic use, malabsorption syndrome, prolonged gastric drainage
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Increased Mg levels may be due to?
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renal failure of insufficiency, DKA before treatment (after treatment there may be a low Mg level), dehydration
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Normal potassium level is __.
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3.5-5.5 mEq/liter
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What ion is important for the rate and force of contractions and cardiac output?
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Potassium
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Decreased levels of potassium are due to?
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diarrhea
pyloric obstruction starvation malabsorption severe vomiting severe burns diuretic administration-MOST COMMON (i.e. Lasix) NPO status with no K replacements |
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Increased potassium levels are due to?
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renal failure
DKA Internal hemorrhage Over correction of low potassium levels |
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Can potassium be given IV push?
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No
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Can potassium be given by IM?
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No
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If giving po, should potassium be taken on a full or empty stomach?
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Full stomach
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IV potassium must be diluted. Give only __ mEq an hour.
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10
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What is the most abundant ECF electrolyte?
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Sodium
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The normal level of sodium is ___.
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135-145 mEq/liter
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Reasons for low sodium?
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Severe burns
Severe diarrhea Vomiting Excessive IV fluids of non electrolytes Pyloric obstruction DKA Edema-most common Stomach suction accompanied by water or ice chips by mouth |
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Reasons for high sodium?
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Hypovolemia
Dehydration Fever Diabetes insipidus-Results in increased urine output Increased salt intake Hyperventilation Cushing syndrome |
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With ___ (electrolyte) imbalances watch for CNS changes.
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sodium
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Causes of increased calcium levels are due to?
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Acidosis
Hyperparathyroidism Bone cancer Immobility-Most common |
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Causes of decreased calcium levels?
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Alkalosis
Hypoparathyroidism Inadequate intake of calcium and/or vitamin |
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Describe the two tests that elicit signs of calcium deficiency?
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Chvostek's sing (facial spasms)
Trousseau's sign (carpopedal spasm) |
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Normal glucose range is ___.
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80-120 mg/dl
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Patients on steroids will see an increase in their ___.
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blood sugar
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Increased levels of glucose is seen with what conditions?
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diabetes mellitus
shock, trauma obesity stress |
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Decreased levels of glucose is seen with what conditions?
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Starvation
Increased insulin dosage Malabsorption problems |
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The liver normally removes ___ and changes it to ___.
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ammonia, urea
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___ is a laxative which causes the ammonia to be eliminated from the body.
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Lactulose
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What lab value is used as a gross indicator of kidney function?
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BUN
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What lab value is usually due to inadequate excretion due to kidney disease or urinary obstruction/renal failure?
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BUN
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Elevated ___ is often seen with elevated BUN (or poor kidney function).
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creatinine
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Normal WBC count is?
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4,100-10,900 cell/uL
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What lab value is used to determine infection/inflammation?
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WBC count
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What lab value is used to determine if differential or bone marrow biopsy is needed?
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WBC count
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What lab value is used to monitor chemotherapy or radiation therapy?
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WBC count
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What term is used to refer to an elevated WBC?
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leukocytosis
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What term is used to refer to a deficiency in WBCs?
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leukopenia
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A low ___ indicates bone marrow depression.
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WBC count
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What term is used to refer to a sign of acute infection?
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shift to the left
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___ are immature neutrophils.
___ are mature neutrophils. |
bands, segs
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A shift to the left indicates more ___ than ___.
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bands, segs
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What is hematocrit (HCT)?
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Volume of RBC in 100 cc of blood.
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See a decrease in anemia with ___.
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overhydration
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RBC percentage in males?
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40-54%
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RBC percentage in females?
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37-47%
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___ is the oxygen carrying pigment and main component of the RBCs.
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hemoglobin (Hgb)
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Hemoglobin level for males?
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13-18 gm/dl
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Hemoglobin level for females?
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12-16 gm/dl
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A blood infusion is usually given if Hgb is less than ___.
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8
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Normal platelet range?
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150,000-400,000
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The terminology for low platelet count?
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thrombocytopenia
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___ are important for clotting.
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Platelets
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What enzyme is increased with pancreatic disease?
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amylase
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This test is increased with inflammation.
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Erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR)
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ESR is ___ (increased or decreased) with inflammation.
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increased
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