Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
108 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Model 1 |
a 3d representation of a person or thing or of a proposed structure typically on a smaller scale then the original. |
|
Model 2 |
a thing used as an example to follow or imitate |
|
Animal model |
an animal sufficiently like humans in its anatomy, physiology, or response to a pathogen to be used in medical research in order to obtain results that can be extrapolated to human medicine. |
|
The different Animal models used in bio medical research |
Anatomy and Physiology Behavior Drug development Transplantation and Regeneration Disease |
|
Autoimmune diseases (mouse) |
multiple sclerosis
Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM) |
|
Post vaccine encephalitis caused by |
CNS demyelinating disease |
|
Gastric bypass sx (RAT) |
reducing stomach 90% "cures" diabetes |
|
Arthrosclerosis (Rabbit) |
deposition of plaque of fatty material on the inner walls of arteries |
|
Amphibian model |
limb regeneration xenopus spp. |
|
Xenopus model |
embryonic development |
|
Reptile model |
Anti venom |
|
NHP models |
colonic adenocarcinoma Cotton- top tamarin (saguinus oedipus) |
|
two purposes of preventative colony health management programs |
Maintenance of optimal animal health and well being (animal welfare) Avoidance of confounding variable or interference with research (data quality) |
|
Common causes of research loss involving animal models |
infectious dz Environmental derangement equipment failure |
|
Colony Health management triad |
prevention diagnoses treatment |
|
Sources of infection in today's animal research facilities |
Animals biologic materials personnel vermin materials/equipment |
|
considerations when selecting animals |
wild caught commercial vendor private source internally reared |
|
biosecurity of animals in shipment |
Hygienic conditions during packing process shipping crate integrity hygienic transport vehicles |
|
Traditional testing methedologies include |
pathology parasitology microbiology serology molecular biological techniques has emerged |
|
Bacteriology |
accomplished by inoculation of selective and non selective media with sample and incubated under varying conditions. DIRECT |
|
Serology |
most widely used methodology for pathogen monitoring INDIRECT |
|
Serology Essays |
Sensitivity and specificity |
|
Sensitivity |
ability of test to correctly identify those with disease (true positive rate) |
|
Specificity |
ability of test to correctly identify those with out disease (true negative) |
|
Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) |
Detect specific nucliec acid sequences (DNA or RNA) from specific infectious agents |
|
MAP |
Monoclonal antibody production |
|
(RODAC) Replicate Organism Detection and Counting |
used for detection and enumeration of microbes on surfaces of sanitary importance |
|
Immunocompromised rodent strains that present a special situation within a facility |
(STAT) Signal transducer and Activator of Transcription (SCID) Severe Combined Immunodeficiency Nude |
|
Bacteria major concern |
ability to cause pathological change or clinical dz |
|
Heliobacter spp. |
most common bacterial infection of lab mice Gram ( - ) , motile, spiral shaped proximal and distal GI upset, non pathogenic FECAL ORAL |
|
Tyzzer's disease MICE |
Clostridium piliforme Gram ( - ) spore forming, long thin, rod shaped diarrhea dehydration anorexia FECAL ORAL remain up to a year |
|
Transmissible Murine Colonic Hyperplasia |
citrobacter rodentium Gram ( - ), rod shaped mucosal erosions |
|
Hyperkeratosis-associated corneform (HAC) |
Corynebacterium bovis Gram (+) , short, rod shaped "Scaly Skin dz" |
|
Ferret Order: Family: |
Order: Carnivora Family: Mustelidae |
|
Male Ferret |
Hob |
|
Male neutered Ferret |
Gib |
|
Female Ferret |
Jill |
|
Spayed Ferret |
Sprites |
|
Young Ferret |
Kit |
|
Group of ferrets |
Business |
|
What small animal lacks well-developed sweat glands, and prone to hypothermia |
Ferret |
|
Dental Formula of Ferret |
2 ( 3/3 1/1 3/3 1/2 ) |
|
What small animal lacks appendix and cecum? |
Ferret |
|
What animal is Crepuscular and nocturnal sleeping up to 20 hrs per day |
Ferret |
|
Optimal temperature requirements for Ferret |
4- 18 degrees Celsius |
|
Ferret diet |
protien: > 38% fat: 20 % fiber: <4 % Consume 6% body wt/day |
|
How long should Ferrets be fasted? |
NO MORE than 3-6 hours |
|
Euthanasia of Ferret? |
IV or IP overdose |
|
Guinea Pig (Cavia porcellas) Order: Family: |
Order: Rodenta Family: Cavidea More related to chinchillas and porcupines then rats |
|
Guinea Pig Breed |
English Abyssinian Peruvian |
|
Thigmotactic |
Maintain contact with cage periphery avoiding open field of cage center |
|
All breeds of guinea pigs derived from |
English breed |
|
Barbering is associated with? |
dominance, hierarchy, boredom overcrowding |
|
Unlike many rodents like rats and mice, cavies are: |
Diurnal |
|
Diurnal |
activity during the day, with a period of sleeping, or other inactivity, at night. |
|
Immobility rxn |
can last from seconds to 20 mins |
|
scatter rxn |
involve stampeding, jumping, rapid circling, etc. |
|
Dental formula of Guinea pig |
2 ( 1/1 0/0 1/1 3/3 ) |
|
Upper incisors shorter than lower in which small animal? |
Guinea pig |
|
Has simple glandular stomach Large developed cecum ( up to 65%) |
Guinea pig |
|
Lack ability to synthesize Vitamin C |
Guinea pig |
|
Caging and temperature requirements for Guinea pigs |
Cage ht 25 cm (10 in) Temp: 20 - 26 degrees Celsius |
|
Fasted 3-6 hrs prior, rinse mouth with 10-20 ml water to remove pasty material |
Guinea pigs |
|
Ketamine/xylazine IM have caused muscle necroses and self trauma in: |
Guinea pigs |
|
Should be turned ever 30 mins to prevent hypoststic pulmonary congestion |
Guinea pigs |
|
Hamster Order: Family: |
Order: Rodenta Family: Cricetidea |
|
Hamsters 3 species used in lab: |
Syrian (Mesocricetus auratus) Chinese (cricetulus griseus) Siberian (phodopus sungorus) |
|
Hamster dental formula |
2 (1/1 0/0 0/0 3/3 ) |
|
Hamsters have well developed: |
harderian glands |
|
Hamsters have 2 flank sebaceous glands called: |
'hip' or Costovertebral glands |
|
Hamsters digestive system is adapted for: |
water conservation long duodenum and jejunum, short cecum, and long colon |
|
Hamster cage and temp requirements |
cage height: 15 cm Temp: 20- 26 degrees Celsius |
|
Coprophagic |
Eat feces |
|
Hamster diet |
15-25 % protein 4-5 % fat 5% fiber |
|
Fasting hamster prior to sx? |
NOT recommended high metabolic rate can cause hypothermia or hypoglycemia |
|
Avian Class 2 Orders |
Class: Aves Order: psittaciformes Order: passeriformes |
|
Uropygial (preen gland) used for ____ in what species |
Waterproofing, avian |
|
lack ear pinnae and sweat glands |
avian |
|
Types of feathers (4) |
Primary Secondary Contour Down |
|
Primary feathers |
large, originate from carpus, metacarpus, pygostyle |
|
secondary feathers |
large, originate from radius, ulna |
|
contour feathers |
cover body |
|
down feathers |
produce powder down |
|
Rachis |
Main shaft of feather |
|
Barbs |
attach to rachis |
|
barbules |
attach to barbs at 45 degree angle, and nearby barbules at 90 degree angle |
|
Blood feathers |
developing feathers |
|
Keel |
Sternum |
|
Why is the keel enlarged in avains |
for attachment for large pectoral muscles for flight |
|
What bones are pneumatic (contain air) in avains |
femur, humerus, some vertebre |
|
In what species is Atropine ineffective in dialating? |
Avian |
|
Pecten |
unique worm shaped structure attached to retina , provides nutrients to vitreous |
|
cere |
area at base of upper beak surrounding nostrils |
|
Operculum |
keratinized skin flap just inside nostrils |
|
What is responsible for vocalization in avians |
syrinx |
|
how many air sacs do birds have |
up to 9 |
|
Crop |
segments separated by out pouching stores food |
|
Avians have ____ stomachs which are called |
2, proventriculus (true stomach) ventriculus (gizzard) |
|
Cloaca |
anatomical terminus for 3 systems GI reproductive urinary |
|
Copradeum |
recieves feces from rectum |
|
urodeum |
receives urine and urates from utreter as well as sperm and eggs from vas deferns |
|
proctodeum |
area just before exit opening or vent |
|
Class Amphibia Orders (3) |
Anura (frogs/ toads) Urodela (salamanders/ newts) Apoda (caecilians) |
|
Ecdysis |
Shedding epidermal layer
|
|
The exocrine glands of amphibians are used for |
moisten skin, prevent dehydration, protection from predators |
|
Why do frogs have a well developed hyoid bone |
to support muscular tongue |
|
4 modes of respiration for amphibians |
Branchial Buccophyrngeal cutaneous pulmonic |
|
Class reptillia Orders (4) |
Crocodillia (croc,alligator,gavials) Testudinata (turtle, tortise) squamata (snakes, lizards) Rhynchocephalia (tuatara) |