Lab Animal 1St 3 Weeks

Front 1

What are 3 types of research?

Back 1

Basic
Applied
Clinical

Front 2

Clinical research is concerned with ___________ of physical, chemical and functional mechanisms of life processes.

Back 2

Advancing fundamental knowledge

Front 3

Basic research is often performed with _______ rather than animals.

Back 3

computer models, plants

Front 4

Applied research involves the use of __________ for solving a specific biomedical problem and is often directed toward detailed objectives.

Back 4

existing knowledge

Front 5

Named the types of things used in the Applied research process

Back 5

Computer and Mathematical models
Cell, tissue cultures
Live animals

Front 6

Clinical research is designed to _______________ gained in basic and applied research.

Back 6

build on knowledge

Front 7

Clinical always is conducted using __________________ .

Back 7

Live animals, including humans

Front 8

Animal welfare groups believe that people should treat animals as ______________ and they should be required by law to do so. They believe we have a duty to ___________ including euthanasia.

Back 8

kindly as possible
prevent and relieve animal suffering

ex: Shelters

Front 9

Animal rights groups believe that animals have _______________ . They believe this should include not being ___________ and will NEVER consider euthanasia.

Back 9

intrinsic rights that should be guaranteed the same way human rights are.
killed, eaten, used for sport or research.

Front 10

Animal liberation groups believe that animals should not ______________ . Extreme advocates of this view feel owning a pet is ______________ .

Back 10

be forced to work or produce for our benefit in ANY way.

a form of enslavement

Front 11

What does AALAS stand for?

Back 11

American Association of Laboratory Science

Front 12

What does ALAT stand for?

Back 12

Assistant Laboratory Animal Technician

Front 13

What does LAT stand for?

Back 13

Laboratory Animal Technician

Front 14

What does LATG stand for?

Back 14

Laboratory Animal Technologist

Front 15

What does ACLAM stand for?

Back 15

American College of Laboratory Animal Medicine

Front 16

What does IACUC stand for?

Back 16

Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee

Front 17

What does NIH stand for?

Back 17

National Institutes of Health

Front 18

What does FDA stand for?

Back 18

Food and Drug Administration

Front 19

What does USDA stand for?

Back 19

United States Department of Agriculture

Front 20

What does AWA stand for?

Back 20

Animal Welfare Act

Front 21

What does ILAR stand for?

Back 21

Institute for Laboratory Animal Research

Front 22

What does PHR stand for?

Back 22

Public Health Service

Front 23

What does AAALAC stand for?

Back 23

Association for Assessment and Accreditation of Laboratory Care

Front 24

AALAS advances____________

Back 24

responsible laboratory animal care & use.

Front 25

Biomedical research is the area of science that __________ the biological process and the cause of ____________ .

Back 25

investigates

disease

Front 26

Researchers use knowledge gained to discover:

Back 26

Medications
Surgical techniques
therapies to prevent, treat and cure disease in humans and animals

Front 27

The In Vitro technique used in research involves __________

Back 27

petri dishes and test tubes

Front 28

Ex Vivo means _______ and involves ____________

Back 28

out of the living
the use of animal cells and tissues from live animals

Front 29

In Vivo means _____________ and involves _____________

Back 29

In the living
live animals or humans

Front 30

Most commonly used animals in research are ____________ and only _______ % are cats and dogs and primates with ___________being the least used.

Back 30

Mice and rats
0.75%
primates

Front 31

What are common contributions of pigs in research?

Back 31

Pigs have skin most similar to humans-get melanoma like humans

Cardiovascular research

Organ transplant techniques

Front 32

What are common contributions of Sheep in research?

Back 32

Pregnancy and (reproductive) Research

Vaccines for anthrax

Joint reconstruction

Front 33

What are common contributions of horses in research?

Back 33

Diptheria

Tetenus

Front 34

What are common contributions of Chinchillas in research?

Back 34

Hearing research since theirs is most similar to humans

vaccines for cholera

Front 35

What are common contributions of Ferrets in research?

Back 35

Influenza virus
Reproductive research
Canine distemper
Toxicology Research

Front 36

What are the 3 R's of research?

Back 36

Basic principles for laboratory animal welfare and for a steady reduction in the need for animal testing. they are Replace, Reduce, and Refine

Front 37

In regards to the 3 R's, what does Replace involve?

Back 37

Replacing the use of animals in research whenever possible

Front 38

In regards to the 3 R's, what does Reduce involve?

Back 38

Reduce involves lowering the number of animals used in research to a minimum and computerized statistical models are often used.

Front 39

In regards to the 3 R's, what does Refine involve?

Back 39

Refinement involves trying to use and improve test, experiments and techniques to cause the animal the least possible distress.

Front 40

What are common contributions of cows in research?

Back 40

Human insulin is derived from cows
Smallpox vaccine
Organ transplant techniques

Front 41

What are common contributions of armadillos in research?

Back 41

Leprosy

Front 42

What are common contributions of chickens in research?

Back 42

Tuberculosis
Pneumonia
Leukemia

Front 43

Animal Welfare Act regulates the use of _______________. Requires research facilities to ___________ and must have a Institutional Animal Care and use committee.

Back 43

most vertebrates in research
register

Front 44

The USDA's Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service (APHIS) is responsible for_____________

Back 44

administering, inspecting and
enforcing the AWA

Front 45

FDA is one of the nation's oldest consumer protection agencies and is a department within the ________ that requires ALL new_____________ be tested on animals before ________ .

Back 45

Department of Health and Human Services
Drug, medical devices and chemical compounds
being moved on to human trials

Front 46

The IACUC committee reports to _____ and sets up protocols for _________ . they review, approve/reject protocols and _______

Back 46

USDA
best care practices for the animals welfare
conduct facility inspections

Front 47

All protocols/studies using ________
must receive _______ approval before they can be conducted.

Back 47

USDA covered species
IACUC

Front 48

NIH funds more than _________ of all research.

Back 48

half

Front 49

PHS Policy on Humane Care and Use of Laboratory Animals requires all research funded through _____ to conform to the _______ and follow the _____________________

Back 49

NIH
AWA
Guide for the Care and Use Of Laboratory Animals

Front 50

Animals make important research subjects for these reasons:

Back 50

~They are susceptible to many of the same health problems we are.
~Researchers can pick a species that best matches the needs of the particular study.
~their shorter life cycles enable researchers to view impact throughout the whole life span and/or across several generations
~ We can better control variables with animals which makes for a more accurate study

Front 51

With rats, gerbils, hamsters and mice, the acceptable SQ injection site is ______

Back 51

dorsal neck

Front 52

With rats, gerbils, hamsters and mice, IM injections are ___________

Back 52

not done in hamsters and mice and rarely done in gerbils and rats. If done, in hind leg or lumbar area

Front 53

With rats, gerbils, hamsters and mice, the common blood collection site is the _______________

Back 53

Retro-orbital sinus

Front 54

With rats, an additional site for blood draw is _________

Back 54

lateral tail vein

Front 55

With mice, an alternate blood draw site is ________

Back 55

ventral tail vein

Front 56

When restraining a rat, you _________ and hold the tail with ________

Back 56

scruff with whole hand
other hand

Front 57

When restraining gerbils, you _______

Back 57

scruff and hold tail with other hand

Front 58

When restraining hamsters, you ___________

Back 58

scruff with whole hand down the back

Front 59

When restraining mice, you _________

Back 59

scruff with one hand and pin tail

Front 60

What are some concerns/precautions of handling gerbils?

Back 60

They tend towards having seizures, tail degloving and are great jumpers.

Front 61

What are some concerns about handling hamsters?

Back 61

must be awake before you try to pick up

Front 62

When sexing mice, what do you look for?

Back 62

Check the uroanal distance. Greater in males, typically about a pinkys width

Front 63

When sexing rats, gerbils and hamsters, what do you look for?

Back 63

Uroanal distance is greater in males. Rats and gerbil males have testicles, hamster males may or may not have visible testicles.

Front 64

A conventional facility is one that has ________doors entering into a central corridor. Cages are cleaned in the room and dirty supplies are taken to another area to be cleaned

Back 64

conventional

Front 65

Guinea pigs must have vitamin _______

Back 65

C

Front 66

Vitamin C can only be stored for ___________

Back 66

90 days

Front 67

An advantage of Ground corn cobs for bedding:

Back 67

Very absorbent, absorbs water like a sponge

Front 68

Disadvantages of ground corn cobs are:

Back 68

Dusty
hard to nest in
can cause obstruction if eaten and absorbs water
moderate cost

Front 69

Advantages of wood shavings as bedding are:

Back 69

Cheap
readily available
good as indirect bedding

Front 70

Disadvantages of wood shavings as bedding are:

Back 70

Low absorbency
Some may emit a substance that inactivates hepatic enzymes
Some allergy issues
May be harmful if chewed or ingestion
Not comfortable for nesting

Front 71

Cedar wood chips ___________ be used as _________ bedding.

Back 71

SHOULD NEVER
direct or indirect

Front 72

Pine wood chips __________ be used as ___________ bedding.

Back 72

can
indirect

Front 73

Pine and cedar wood chips if used as direct bedding can cause :

Back 73

~respiratory issues from toxic chemicals emitted from the wood
~skin problems
~liver problems

Front 74

Paper pellets are good as __________ bedding only due to concerns about __________

Back 74

indirect
contact with dust and inks

Front 75

Paper fiber is a very absorbent __________ bedding that is considered ______________, although it is one of the more expensive bedding options.

Back 75

direct contact
the most comfortable for nesting

Front 76

Squeeze cages are a ___________ way to restrain animals and ________
used as permanent housing. These are a primary type of housing for ______ .

Back 76

less stressful
can be
non-human primates

Front 77

Restraint cages are used only as ____________

Back 77

a temporary restraint method, not as housing

Front 78

A __________ facility, some times referred to as a clean/dirty facility, has 2 doors, one that opens to a clean area and another that opens to a dirty area.

Back 78

Double corridor facility

Front 79

A __________ facility, some times referred to as a clean/dirty facility, has 2 doors, one that opens to a clean area and another that opens to a dirty area. For this type, you must ALSO ___________ before entering animal rooms.

Back 79

barrier facility
shower

Front 80

The type of facility that would house animals with zoonotic diseases is a ___________________facility and requires showering upon ____________ .

Back 80

containment
entering and leaving

Front 81

The required temperature for a rodent room is _________________?

Back 81

18-26 degrees Celcius

Front 82

The required temperature for the rabbit rooms is________?

Back 82

16-22 degrees Celcius

Front 83

The humidity range for the rodent rooms is __________?

Back 83

40 to 60%

Front 84

The humidity range for the rabbit room is ________?

Back 84

30-70%

Front 85

The required ventilation in most lab animal rooms is_______?

Back 85

10 to 15 air exchanges per hour

Front 86

Positive air pressure refers to air flowing ____________ of the room when doors are open

Back 86

OUT

Front 87

Negative air pressure refers to air flowing ___________ the room when doors are open

Back 87

INTO

Front 88

An Axenic animal is one that is ___________

Back 88

germ-free

Front 89

A gnotobiotic animal is one that ___________

Back 89

have only certain well-defined micro-flora

Front 90

Specific pathogen free (SPF) animals are ones that are ____________

Back 90

Free of a SPECIFIC pathogen(s) but may have others

Front 91

Husbandry is the ___________

Back 91

production, housing and management of animals

Front 92

Barrier sustained animals are those that were delivered ____________

Back 92

by sterile C-section in a sterile isolation chamber and are maintain in a sterile controlled environment.