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29 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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inferior border of sup. mediastinum?
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plane going from sternal angle to IV disc b/w T4 and T5
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what is the mediastinum?
how many divisions does it have? |
-the region b/w the 2 pleural sacs
-2 major subdivisions |
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what subdivisions does inferior mediastinum have?
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posterior, middle (heart & great vessels), and anterior
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when is the thymus gland active? what does it do post "active period"?
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-active in immunity in childhood
-in adulthood, involuted and infiltrated with fat, but still makes T cells |
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there are two major pairs of nerves that run vertically through the mediastinum. which is more medial?
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the vagus nerve is more medial (phrenic is more lateral)
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what is the cartilagineous bump at the end of the trachea and what does it delineate?
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the carina, and it is the first distinction b/w R and L bronchi
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which structure is just anterior to the esophagus? posterior?
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ant.: trachea
post.: vertebral column |
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what nerve can be seen looping beneath the aorta but does not innervate a structure in the mediastinum?
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the recurrent laryngeal nerve (innervates larynx)
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typically, the aortic arch has how many branches? name them
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3. from first to last branch: brachiocephalic trunk, left common carotid a., and left subclavian a.
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where does the right common carotid artery originate from typically?
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it is a subdivision off the brachiocephalic trunk (the other major subdiv. is the right subclavian a.)
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what artery that branches directly off the aortic arch travels up the neck?
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the left common carotid a.
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what is the embryological origin of the ligamentum arteriosum? what two structures does it connect?
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ductus arteriosum. connects aorta and pulmonary trunk
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where do parasympathetic nerves originate from?
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S2-S4 and cranial
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where are the pleural sacs in relation to the sympathetic trunks?
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the pleural sacs are anterior to the sympathetic trunks
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what nerves run medially (towards or ON the vertebral column?)?
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splanchnic nerves
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do splanchnic nerves innervate the mediastinum?
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no, they are sympathetic innervation for abdominal viscera (ie, inferior to the diaphragm)
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where does the least splanchnic nerve originate?
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T12 sympathetic ganglia
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What splanchnic nerve originates at levels T5-T9?
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greater splanchnic nerve
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what is the general function of parasympathetic innervation?
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to restore homeostasis
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on what side of the body does the azygous vein run?
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right
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what nerve originates from sympathetic ganglia T10-T11?
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lesser splanchnic nerve
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where is the accessory hemiazygous vein in relation to hemiazygous?
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access. hemiazygous is superior
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access. hemiazygous and hemiazygous drain into what vein?
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azygous
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what drains the 4-8th posterior intercostal spaces?
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accessory hemiazygous vein
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where does the azygous drain into? what does it drain?
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-dumps into the SVC
-drains all R post. intercostal veins, plus hemiazygous and access. hemiazygous |
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what is the thoracic duct?
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largest lymph channel in the body
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where does thoracic duct originate? empty?
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-orig: chyle cisterna in abdomen
-dumps: into venous circulation on L side of neck at (L internal jugular and L subclavian) veins |
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what vein is lateral to the thoracic duct?
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azygous
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costal pleura cover what neural structure?
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sympathetic trunk
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