Lab 9

Front 1

American Marten: Order and Family

Back 1

Carnivora: Mustelidae

Front 2

Family: Mustelidae General Diet

Back 2

General diet: small vertebrates, mostly mammals

Front 3

Mustelidae Habitat

Back 3

Variable Habitat

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Mustelidae general Reprod.

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*year round home ranges defended from Indv. of the same sex "Intrasexual Territoriality" **Males may stop defending territories and "roam" to find mates *many mustelids delay implantation.

Front 5

American Marten: Range and Migration

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*Canada and Alaska, NE US, mountains of western US *non-mig.

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American Marten: Habitat and diet

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*Dense conifer forest at higher elevations usually old growth. Avoids open areas. **general diet -->may hunt under the snow

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American Marten: Clutch and Reprod.

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**2-5 kits born in April; Den in hollow tree **General reprod. (*year round home ranges defended from Indv. of the same sex "Intrasexual Territoriality" **Males may stop defending territories and "roam" to find mates *many mustelids delay implantation.)

Front 8

American Marten: Status

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*Declining in Western U.S **The rest are pretty stable

Front 9

American Marten: reasons for decline

Back 9

*habitat fragmentation (logging)

Front 10

Fisher: Order and Family

Back 10

Carnivora: Mustelidae

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Fisher: Range and Migration

Back 11

*Forested regions of Canada and NE U.S, Mts. of Western U.S **Non-mig.

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Fisher: Habitat and Diet

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**Dense mixed forests, found of lower elevations than American martens; Adapted for movement in trees. **Eat Snowshoe hareand porcupine (primary food)

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Fisher: Clutch and Reproduction

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**2-4 born (March-April); Den in Hollow tree **Gen. Reprod. (or unkwn)

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Fisher: Status

Back 14

*Stable to increase in NE; trapping increase again

Front 15

Fisher: Status in Western US

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Possibly decline

Front 16

Fisher: Some of the Reasons for its decline

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*Population fragmented; Overtrapping; and habitat loss caused declines in early 20th century *reintroduce for porcupine control.

Front 17

Fisher: Plans for recovery

Back 17

Increase monitoring; modify forest management; Pacific Fisher listing "warranted but precluded

Front 18

Ermine: Order and Family

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Carnivora: Mustelidae

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Ermine: Range and migration

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*Northern latitudes and around the globe *non-mig.

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Ermine: Habitat and diet

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*Riparian woodlands; marshes, shrubby fence rows, forest edges *General Mustelidae diet

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Ermine: clutch and reproduction

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*4-9 born in May; den in burrow (goes down kill rodent and take ground) *General reprod.

Front 22

Ermine: status

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*Stable game species; benificial because they maintain rodent **Two color phase

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Long-tailed Weasel: Order and Family

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Carnivora: Mustelidae

Front 24

Long-tailed Weasel: Range and Migration

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Most of N. American to S. America *Non-mig.

Front 25

Long-tailed Weasel: Habitat and Diet

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*Near water *general diet

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Long-tailed Weasel: Clutch and reproduction

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*4-8 born (april-May); den in burrow *General reprod.

Front 27

Long-tailed Weasel:Status

Back 27

Stable game species (good mousers, trapped for fur *not in CA)

Front 28

Black-footed Ferret: Order and Family

Back 28

Carnivora: Mustelidae

Front 29

Black-footed Ferret: Range and Migration

Back 29

*Across NA except S. Western deserts. *Non-mig.

Front 30

Black-footed Ferret: Habitat and diet

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*Paries dog hole/town *eat small mammals primary prarie dogs

Front 31

Black-footed Ferret: Clutch and Reproduction

Back 31

*2-5 born in June; den in burrow **General reprod. but no delay implentation

Front 32

Black-footed Ferret: Status

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Slowly increasing **Federally endangered-->one of the first species protected by the ESA; declared extinct in the wild by the IUCN in 1996. **nearly eliminate last known wild population in Wyomy.

Front 33

Black-footed Ferret: Reasons for decline

Back 33

*primary b/c of habitat loss; poisoning; radication

Front 34

Black-footed Ferret: increase b/c

Back 34

reintroduce; some successfully reproduce

Front 35

American Mink: Order and Family

Back 35

*Carnivora: Mustelidae

Front 36

American Mink: Range and Migration

Back 36

*Across NA except S. western deserts. *Non-migratory

Front 37

American Mink: Habitat and Diet

Back 37

*Near water, primarily in forested regions *diet varies by season. eat esp. muskrats (then crayfish, small frogs, during summer)

Front 38

American Mink: clutch and reprod

Back 38

*2-6 borns April-May. Den along stream or lake bank *General repro. no implantation

Front 39

American Mink: Status

Back 39

Stable; threat include habitat loss and contaminants in food supply

Front 40

Wolverine: Order and Family

Back 40

Carnivora: Mustelidae

Front 41

Wolverine: Range and migration

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*Northern forests; holarctic *Non-mig.

Front 42

Wolverine: Clutch and reprod

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*2-5 born Jan-April; den in sheltered place **Reprod.--> Females only breed every 2-3 yrs. Genera mating system

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Wolvering: Status

Back 43

*Difficult to monitor population (unkwn) **absent from much of its former range; extremely rare in lower 48 states; Major threats are habitat loss and fragmentation

Front 44

American Badger: Order and Family

Back 44

*Carnivora: Mustelidae

Front 45

American Badger: Range and Migration

Back 45

*Primarily occupies the great plains. (has experienced its range over the past century) *Non-mig.

Front 46

American Badger: Habitat and diet

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*Dry open country; Adapted for burrowing life style **Burrows are also use for resting, denning, and escaping extreme weather. **Diets: burrowing mammals; will also eat terrestrial mammals, birds, and reptiles.

Front 47

American Badger: Clutch and reproduction

Back 47

*1-5 born in early spring; den in burrow *General reprod.

Front 48

American Badger: Status

Back 48

*Stable

Front 49

American Badger: conservation

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*taken for fur; help control rodents; hazard to lifestock; threaten by urban expansion and poisoning of rodents.

Front 50

Western Spotted Skunk: Order and Family

Back 50

Carnivora: Mustelidae

Front 51

Western Spotted Skunk: Range and Migration

Back 51

Western US and Mexico *Non-mig.

Front 52

Western Spotted Skunk: habitat and diet

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*Brushy or wooded areas, prairies *Eat small mammals and insects

Front 53

Western Spotted Skunk: Clutch and Reproduction

Back 53

*4-7 born in May or June *General

Front 54

Western Spotted Skunk: Status

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*stable **Channel Island Spotted Skunk species of concern in CA

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Striped Skunk: Order and Family

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Carnivora: Mustelidae

Front 56

Striped Skunk: Range and migration

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*Across NA into Northern Mexico *Non-mig.

Front 57

Striped Skunk: Habitat and diet

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*Open areas w/ wooded areas inter-mixed *Omnivorous: fruits, small mammals, insects, eggs

Front 58

Striped Skunk: Clutch and Reproduction

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*4-7 borns mid-May; Den in Burrow *general reproduction

Front 59

Striped Skunk: Status

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Stable **common for animal fur; pelts values have declined; excellent mouser; raid hen houses; urban nuisance; may harbor rabies.

Front 60

Northern River Otter: Order and Family

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Carnivora: Mustelidae

Front 61

Northern River Otter: Range and Migration

Back 61

N. American (though locally extirpated in some regions) *Non-mig

Front 62

Northern River Otter: Habitat and diet

Back 62

Streams and lake borders *eat mainly aquatic organism such as amphibians, fish, and crayfish also small mammals invetebrates

Front 63

Northern River Otter: Clutch and Reproduction

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*2-6 borns in late winter *male may take care of young

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Northern River Otter: Status

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Increasing *social animal often found in pairs and occasionally larger groups

Front 65

Sea Otter: Order and Family

Back 65

Carnivora: Mustelidae

Front 66

Sea Otter: range and migration

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*found in isolated populations along the Pacific coast. *non-mig.

Front 67

Sea Otter: Habitat

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*Near shore; marine environment; supporting kelp beds

Front 68

Sea Otter: Diet

Back 68

Bottom-dwelling invertebrates; use rocks to crack open shells of prey.

Front 69

Sea Otter: Clutch and reprod.

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*one pup born in May-June; carried on mother's chest until able to swim.

Front 70

Sea otter: status

Back 70

*Increasing slowly **Southern population FEDERALLY threatened *Pop. increase but conflict w/ fisherman **live in family groups *"keystone species" -->decline in sea otters can lead to increase marine invertebrates that graze on kelp, restricting growth of kelp forest.

Front 71

Sea Otter: Conservation--> what has lead them to their early decline

Back 71

*Disease, oil spills, entanglement in fishing gear, depletion of habitat ******disease a large source of mortality in Sea Otter

Front 72

Ringtail: Order and Family

Back 72

Carnivora *Family: Procyonidae

Front 73

Ringtail: range and migration

Back 73

*Southwest US up into Oregon *Non-mig.

Front 74

Ringtail: Habitat and diet

Back 74

*Chaparral, rocky areas, woods; near water *eat smal vertebrates, fruit, invertebrates (varied).

Front 75

Ringtail: Clutch and reproduction

Back 75

*3-4 youngs born may-june; after 3-4 weeks the male assists w/ rearing.

Front 76

Ringtail: status

Back 76

*Stable *nocturnal *may be partially colonial; usually found in pairs

Front 77

Common Raccoon: Order and Family

Back 77

*Carnivora *Family: Procyonidae--> Omnivore dentition

Front 78

Common Raccoon: Range and Migration

Back 78

*Southern Canada to northern S. America. **Resident

Front 79

Common Raccoon: Habitat and diet

Back 79

*near streams and lakes; in wooded areas**Diet: omnivorous; tend to consume more invertebrates than vertebrates.

Front 80

Common Raccoon: Clutch and reprod

Back 80

*1-8 youngs born in April-May **Breeding occurs later in Souther portion range **Solitary and nocturnal

Front 81

Common Raccoon: status

Back 81

Abundant; considered a nuisance in Urban areas *rabies carrier

Front 82

Walrus: Order and Family

Back 82

Carnivora: Odobenidae

Front 83

Walrus: Range and migration

Back 83

*Circumpolar at far northern latitudes *migrate south on pack ice in winte

Front 84

Walrus: Clutch and reproduction

Back 84

*one calf born April-June and stays w/ mother for 2 years. **Polygny (is a form of marriage in which a man has two or more wives at the same time); males compete for access to females

Front 85

Walrus: Status

Back 85

Stable *forms large social groups *older mailes are often w/ broken tusk. *harvested for meat, hides, and ivory.***use long-distance tracking equipment that may transmit environmental data.

Front 86

Northern Fur Seal: Order and Family

Back 86

*Carnivora: Otariidae

Front 87

Northern Fur Seal: Range and migration

Back 87

*Northern Pacific Ocean; breed on the Pribilof Islands of Alaska (May-Nov). Move as far S as San Diego in winter, allong continental shelf edge.

Front 88

Northern Fur Seal: Habitat and Diet

Back 88

*at sea unless breeding on rocky beaches *eat fish and squid; gregarious (social)

Front 89

Northern Fur Seal: Clutch and Reproduction

Back 89

*One pup born in June *Polygynous, males may have harems of up to 40 females

Front 90

Northern Fur Seal: status

Back 90

Declining populations depleted by overharvesting--> in the past Russian and Americans took millions. **1911 international Agreement **currently, Probilof Island herd hunted only for subsitency. **problem for its decline: commercial fishing, direct competition for fish; entanglement.

Front 91

California Sea Lion: Order and family

Back 91

Carnivora: Otariidae

Front 92

California Sea Lion: Range and Migration

Back 92

Pacific Coast- Brittish Columbia to Mexico **males migrate as far north as British Columbia outside of breeding season.

Front 93

California Sea Lion: habitat and diet

Back 93

*Coastal ocean *diet: primarily fish, also octopus and squid

Front 94

CA Sea Lion: Clutch and Reproduction

Back 94

*one pup born in June; polygynous; gregarious *Breed on coast and islands of southern CA and Baja CA.

Front 95

CA Sea Lion: status

Back 95

*increasing; Federally threatened; protected throughout its range **may be affected by pollution off the coast of S. CA. Has lost some breeding grounds due to habitat loss.

Front 96

Northern Elephant Seal: Order and family

Back 96

*Carnivora: Phocidae-->must wriggle to move on land

Front 97

N. Elephant Seal: Range and migration

Back 97

*Pacific Coast of South to CA *Breeds in coastal CA **migratory--widespread dispersion of seals toward N. Pacific after the breeding seasons

Front 98

N.Elephant Seal: Habitat and diet

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*open ocean, sandy beaches *eat mainly fish, also squid **Dive extremely deep for food. One of the deepest diving animal

Front 99

N. Elephant Seal: Clutch and Reproduction

Back 99

*1 pup, breed Dec-March, polygynous; lie in large group on shore

Front 100

N. Elephant Seal: status

Back 100

*Increasing. *hunted nearly to extinction for oil in 1820s; Great loss of genetic diversity (bottle neck)

Front 101

Harbor Seal: Order and Family

Back 101

Carnivora: Phocidae

Front 102

Harbor Seal: Range and migration

Back 102

*Arctic Ocean and along both coast of US *migration limited seasonal movement.

Front 103

Harbor Seal: Habitat and diet

Back 103

*Coastal waters, river mouths, rocky islands and ledges, sand bars. *diet: varies by season: fish, shellfish, squid

Front 104

Harbor Seal: Clutch and reprod

Back 104

*one pub born on land in early summer *polygynous; return to same breeding ground every yr.

Front 105

Harbor Seal: Status

Back 105

*Increasing *protected in the US *formerly hunted for skins, furs, meats *entanglement in fishing net *loss of breeding habitat *concern "red coat"--> condition may be linked to contaminants.