Lab

Front 1

Anemia

Back 1

Decreased RBC Count &/or Hgb & Hct

Front 2

Three Categories of Anemia

Back 2

1. Normocytic, Normochromic
(MCV: 80-100 fl)
(MCHC: 32-36%)
2. Microcytic, Hypochromic
(MCV: <80 fl)
(MCHC: <32%)
3. Macrocytic, Normochromic
(MCV: >100 fl)
(MCHC: 32-36%)

Front 3

Normocytic, Normochromic

Back 3

Aplastic Anemia
Hereditary Membrane Defects
Enzyme Defects
Hemoglobinopathies
Mechanical Trauma
Immune Hemolytic Anemia
PNH

Front 4

Aplastic Anemia
(Normocytic, Normochromic)

Back 4

Pancytopenia
*Retic count decreased
*Bone marrow hypocellular
Erythropoietin levels increased

Front 5

Membrane Defect
(Normocytic, Normochromic)

Back 5

(Hereditary Spherocytosis)
*Abnormal red cell morphology (target cells, spherocytes, stomatocytes, ovalocytes)
Retic count increased
*Osmotic fragility test increased or decreased

Front 6

Enzyme Defect
(Normocytic, Normochromic)

Back 6

(Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency)
Abnormal red cell inclusions (Heinz bodies)
*G6PD or Pyruvate Kinase level decreased

Front 7

Hemoglobinopathy
(Normocytic, Normochromic)

Back 7

**Sickle cell anemia:
Sickle cells
*Retic count increased
*sicklesol test positive
*Hemoglobin electrophoresis shows presence of hemoglobin S
**Hgb C disease:
Hemoglobin C crystals and target cells on peripheral smear
Hemoglobin electrophoresis shows presence of hemoglobin C

Front 8

Immune Hemolytic Anemia
(Normocytic, Normochromic)

Back 8

*Spherocytes of peripheral smear
DAT positive

Front 9

Mechanical Trauma
(Normocytic, Normochromic)

Back 9

*Schistocytes on peripheral smear

Front 10

PNH (Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria)
(Normocytic, Normochromic)

Back 10

Sugar water test
Ham's test positive

Front 11

Microcytic, Hypochromic

Back 11

Iron Deficiency Anemia
Thalassemias
Anemia of chronic disorders
Lead poisoning

Front 12

Iron Deficiency Anemia
(Microcytic, Hypochromic)

Back 12

*Ferritin decreased
*Serum iron levels decreased
*% saturation decreased
*TIBC increased
Retic count decreased
*RDW increased

Front 13

Thalassemias (minor)
(Microcytic, Hypochromic)

Back 13

*Iron studies normal
*RDW normal
*Red count normal or increased
*Hemoglobin electrophoresis abnormal with increased A2 or F

Front 14

Anemia of Chronic Disorders
(Microcytic, Hypochromic)
(May also be Normocytic, Normochromic)

Back 14

*Serum Fe decreased
*TIBC decreased
*% saturation decreased
*Bone marrow demonstrates an increase in storage iron

Front 15

Lead Poisoning
(Microcytic, Hypochromic)

Back 15

Increased blood lead levels
Basophilic stippling
Cabot rings in RBCs

Front 16

Macrocytic, Normochromic

Back 16

Megaloblastic Anemias
(B12 deficiency, Folate deficiency)

Front 17

B12 deficiency
(Macrocytic, Normochromic)

Back 17

*B12 levels decreased (neuro probs)
*Schillings test abnormal
*Ab to intrinsic factor positive if due to Pernicious anemia
*Hypersegs
*tear cells

Front 18

Folate Deficiency
(Macrocytic, Normochromic)

Back 18

*Folate levels decreased
*Schillings test normal
*Hypersegs
*tear cells

Front 19

Iron Deficiency Anemia vs. Thalassemia Minor

Back 19

Both are microcytic, hypochromic. IDA has a deficiency of iron leading to decreased production of heme which is needed to make hemoglobin. In the thalassemias there is a decreased production of globin chains which also are needed to make hgb.

Front 20

ANLL(Acute Non-lymphocytic Leukemia) *aka AML
-primarily adults

Back 20

Labs:
-Low RBC, Hgb & Hct
-WBC variable but usually high
-Platelet count usually low
-Primarily Blasts (myelo, mono, erythro or megakaryo) seen in bone marrow.
-Auer rods seen in myelo or monoblasts

Front 21

ANLL (Acute Non-lymphocytic Leukemia) *aka AML
-primarily adults

Back 21

Tests to confirm:
-Cytochemical stains
-Flow cytometry
-Chromosome Studies on Bone marrow

Front 22

ALL (Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia)
-primarily in children

Back 22

Labs:
-Low RBC, Hgb, Hct
-WBC count variable but usually high
-Plt count usually low
-Primarily lymphoblasts seen in bone marrow

Front 23

ALL (Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia)
-primarily in children

Back 23

Tests to confirm:
-Cytochemical stains
-Flow cytometry
-Chromosome studies on bone marrow

Front 24

CML (Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia)
-primarily in 40s (fatigue, night sweats and low-grade fever; hepatosplenomegaly and sternal tenderness)

Back 24

Labs:
-WBC usually >100,000/ul
-Low RBC, Hgb, Hct
-Myeloid cells in peripheral smear
-Increased number of eos and basos
-Plt count variable, usually high
-LAP score low

Front 25

CML (Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia)
-primarily in 40s (fatigue, night sweats and low-grade fever; hepatosplenomegaly and sternal tenderness)

Back 25

Tests to confirm:
-LAP stain: low score
-Chromosome studies: Philadelphia chrom.

Front 26

CLL (Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia)
-Primarily a disorder of older adults with 90% of cases seen in those over 50 and a median age of 65

Back 26

Labs:
-WBC is generally >20,000/ul
-75-98% of circulating WBCs are lymphocytes
-Smudge cells are common
-Plt Count normal
-No additional tests needed to confirm

Front 27

Hairy Cell Leukemia aka Leukemic Reticuloendotheliosis
-primarily in middle aged men around the age of 55. Usually present with splenomegaly, fatigue and some type of infection

Back 27

Labs:
-Total pancytopenia
-Hairy cell lymphs on peripheral smear
-Bone marrow: dry tap

Front 28

Hairy Cell Leukemia aka Leukemic Reticuloendotheliosis
-primarily in middle aged men around the age of 55. Usually present with splenomegaly, fatigue and some type of infection

Back 28

Tests to confirm:
-Tartrate Resistant Acid Phosphatase Stain (TRAP): positive

Front 29

Multiple Myeloma
-older adults with a median age of 65. Patients present with anemia, bone pain due to lytic bone lesions, infection, renal failure

Back 29

Labs:
-Low RBC, Hgb & Hct
-Excessive Rouleaux formation on blood smear
-Increased number of plasma cells in bone marrow and occasionally in peripheral blood.
-ESR >150 mm/hr
-Protein electrophoresis demonstrates a monoclonal peak.
-Elevated serum calcium levels

Front 30

Multiple Myeloma
-older adults with a median age of 65. Patients present with anemia, bone pain due to lytic bone lesions, infection, renal failure

Back 30

Tests to Confirm:
*Immunoelectrophoresis: increase usually in IgG, IgM or IgA

Front 31

Hodgkin's Lymphoma
-20s & over the age of 50. Pts present with a painless mass most commonly in the neck. Other clinical features include fever, weight loss, night sweats or generalized purities

Back 31

Labs:
-Most screening lab tests will be normal. May see increase in eosinophils on peripheral smear.

Front 32

Hodgkin's Lymphoma
-20s & over the age of 50.
Pts present with a painless mass most commonly in the neck. Other clinical features include fever, weight loss, night sweats or generalized purities

Back 32

Tests to confirm:
-Lymph node bx
-Reed-Sternberg Cells

Front 33

Non-Hodgkins Lymphoma aka malignant lymphoma

Back 33

-Variable in presentation and course; ranging from indolent disease to rapidly progressive illness
-Present with painless lymphadenopathy
-Peripheral blood smear normal
-Confirm dx with lymph node bx
-Often progress to a chronic or acute lymphocytic leukemia

Front 34

Infectious Mononeucleosis

Back 34

-WBC count low
-Reactive Lymphocytes high

Front 35

INR

Back 35

used to standardize reporting results on stable, long term coumadin therapy pts