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47 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What percent of a blood sample is plasma?
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55%
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What percent of a blood sample is the buffy coat?
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less than 1%
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What percent of a blood sample is composed of red blood cells?
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45%
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If you place a blood sample in a centrifuge how will the components of blood seperate (in what order)?
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Plasma will be on top, the buffy coat in the middle, and the erythrocytes at the bottom.
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What is the buffy coat composed of?
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Leukocytes and platelets.
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What three components of blood are termed formed elements?
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Leukocytes, platelets, and red blood cells.
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Hematocrit
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The percent of red blood cells per volume of blood.
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What is the normal hematocrit for an adult male?
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47% +/- 5%.
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What is the normal hematocrit for an adult female?
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45% +/- 5%.
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Polycythemia
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Too many red blood cells.
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Anemia
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Too few red blood cells or normal blood cells.
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Iron-deficiency Anemia
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Inadequate iron to syntesize hemoglobin.
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Pernicious Anemia
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Inadequate intrinsic factor leads to inadequate vitamin B12 absorption leads to inadquate cell division.
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Aplastic Anemia
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Too few red blood cells due to a defect in the bone marrow.
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Sickle Cell Anemia
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Hemoglobin has one different amino acid; leads to incorrect folding of hemoglobin.
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Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate (ESR)
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The settling of red blood cells in a tube per hour (mm/hr).
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Rouleaux Formation
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The clumping of red blood cells due to fibrinogen or antibodies.
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Rouleaux formation is a sign of what?
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Disease. It indicates the presence of a disease when red blood cells settle faster. It isn't the actual problem.
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Does blood with clumped red blood cells (rouleaux formation) settle faster or slower?
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Faster.
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ESR is used to do what?
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Follow the progression of a disease.
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As a disease gets worse will blood cells settle faster or slower?
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Faster.
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As a disease gets better will blood cells settle faster or slower?
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Slower.
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How many hemoglobin molecules are there per red blood cell?
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About 250 million.
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how many oxygen molecules can one molecule of hemoglobin carry?
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4.
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How come a hemoglobin molecule can only carry 4 oxygen molecules?
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Becase oxygen binds to the heme group and each hemoglobin only has 4 heme groups.
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What is the normal hemoglobin level for an adult male?
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13.5-18g/100ml of blood.
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What is the normal hemoglobin level for an adult female?
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12-16g/100ml of blood.
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An increase in hemoglobin can cause....?
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Polycythemia, congestive heart failure, COPD.
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A decrease in hemoglobin can cause.....?
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Anemia, hyperthyroidism, cirrhosis of the liver, renal disease, systemic lupus erythematosus, severe hemorrage.
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ABO Blood Type Genotypes
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A (AA or AO)
B (BB or BO) AB (AB) O (OO) |
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Blood Type: AB
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Antigens: A, B
Antibodies: none Can recieve: A, B, AB, O |
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Blood Type: B
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Antigens: B
Antibodies: anti-A Can recieve: A, O |
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Blood Type: A
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Antigens: A
Antibodies: anti-B Can recieve: A, O |
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Blood Type: O
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Antigens: none
Antibodies: anti-A, anti-B Can recieve: O |
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Which blood type is the universal recipient?
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AB.
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Which blood type is the unviersal donor?
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O.
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Why is receiving the worng bloody type bad?
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It can cause agglutination. the clump can get so big that it either impairs the function of red blood cells or cause a blood clot.
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What are Rh groups?
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DD or Dd or dd. Determine whether a persons blood is positive or negative.
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DD or Dd
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Presence of the Rh group, means that the blood type is Rh positive.
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dd
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Indicates the absence of the Rh group, means that the blood type is Rh negative.
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How are two ways humans get cholesterol?
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We make it in the liver and we injest it.
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What are the two positive aspects of cholesterol?
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It's a component of the cell membrane, and it makes other steroids.
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What are the two negative aspects of cholesterol?
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It builds up in artery walls which can cause a blood clot or a stroke.
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What are high density lipoproteins?
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HDL's bring cholesterol to the lvier for export. These are the good cholesterols.
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What are low density lipoproteins?
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LDL's deposit cholesterol on artery walls. These are bad cholesterols.
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Blood cholesterol leves from low to high.
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Less than 100=low
Less than 200=normal 200-239=borderline high 240=high (hypercholesteremia) |
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What is hypercholesteremia?
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High cholesterol leves in the blood, at or above 240 mg/dl of blood.
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