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43 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Define Diaphysis |
Shaft of the bone |
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Define epiphyses |
Extremities of the bone |
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Define metaphyses |
Region where the Diaphysis and the epiphyses meet |
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What Is the epiphyseal plate? |
Layer of hyaline cartilage that allow the bone to grow length wise |
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Define articular cartilage |
Cartilage that covers the epiphyses; reduces friction at the joint |
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Define periosteum. What are the 2 layers of the periosteum. |
Connective tissue covering the diaphysis; fibrous outer layer & osteogenic inner layer
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Define medullary cavity. |
Space within the diaphysis containing fatty yellow marrow |
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Define endosteum |
Membrane which lines the medullary cavity |
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What is hydroxyapatite (tricalcium phosphate)? What is calcium carbonate? Are they both part of the matrix? |
Both are mineral salts that makes up the bone; Yes |
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Name the 4 types of bone cells & list their function or characteristics |
Osteoprogenitor cells - develop into osteoblasts, mitotically active; osteoblasts - secrete collagen, no mitotic ability; osteocytes - mature bone cells, maintain daily metabolic activity; osteoclasts - modified monocytes that breakdown & reabsorb bone |
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What is an osteon? |
Basic structural unit of bone = Haversian system |
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Define lamellae |
Concentric rings of hard, calcified matrix |
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Define lacunae |
Spaces that contain osteocytes |
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Define canaliculi. |
Canals connecting lacunae with each other & the central canals; conduit system for nutrient & waste transport |
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What is the function of Volkmann's canals. |
Canals connecting the vessels of the periosteum with the Haverian canals & the medullary cavity |
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Does spongy bone contain osteons? Haversian canals? |
NO; NO |
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What is the difference between intramembranous & endochondral ossification? |
Intramembranous ossification is the formation of bone directly on or within fibrous CT; Endochondral ossification is the formation of bone from a cartilage model |
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Name the 4 zones of the epiphyseal plate. |
Resting, Proliferating, Hypertrophic, Calcified |
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What is a fissure? |
Narrow, cleft-like opening between adjacent parts of bones through which blood vessels or nerves pass |
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What is a fossa? |
A depression in or on a bone |
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What is a condyle? |
Large, rounded protuberance at the end of a bone; forms a joint |
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What is a facet? |
Smooth, flat surface; forms a joint |
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Name the bones of the cranium? |
Frontal, Parietal (2), Temporal (2), Occipital, Sphenoid, Ethmoid |
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Name the bones of the face? |
Nasal (2), Maxillas (2), Zygomatic (2), Mandible, Lacrimal (2), Palatine (2), Inferior nasal conchae (2), Vomer |
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What is the significance of the zygomatic processes of the temporal bones? |
Possesses mandibular fossa & articular tubercle which articulates with the condylar process of the mandible to form the temporomandibular joint |
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What is the significance of the mastoid processes of the temporal bones? |
Attachment point for neck muscles |
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What is the significance of the foramen magnum of the occipital bone? |
Allows the spinal cord & blood vessels to pass into & out of the brain |
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What is the significance of the occipital condyles of the occipital bone? |
They articulate with the atlas |
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What is the significance of the sella turcica of the sphenoid bone? |
Cradles the pituitary gland |
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What is the significance of the cribiform plate of the ethmoid bone? |
Contains olfactory foramina which allow the olfactory nerves to enter the brain from the nasal cavity |
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What is the significance of the crista galli of the ethmoid bone? |
Attachment points for the brain membranes (meninges) |
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What are alveolar processes? Where do you find them? |
Sockets for teeth; Maxillae & mandible |
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Where would you find the mental foramen? |
Mandible |
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Does the hyoid articulate with other bones? |
No |
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The vertebral column is divided into what sections or vertebrae types. |
Cervical, Thoracic, Lumbar, Sacrum, Coccyx |
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What is the vertebral foramen? |
Space formed by pedicles, lamina, & body of the vertebrae; contains the spinal cord |
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What is the intervertebral foramen? |
Formed by the superior & inferior vertebral notches of each pedicles; permits the passage of the spinal nerves into & out of the vertebral column |
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Which vertebrae interacts with the occipital condyles? |
Atlas |
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Which vertebrae possesses the dens? |
Axis |
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What surfaces of the sacrum articulate with the ilium of the coxal? |
Auricular surfaces |
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What portion of the sternum interacts with the clavicles? |
Manubrium |
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Are ribs attached to the xiphoid process? |
No
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What is the difference between true & false ribs? |
True ribs connected to the sternum via costal cartilage; false ribs are connected to the costal cartilage of the 7th rib via costal cartilage; floating ribs (false) have no attachment |
