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19 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Name eight apomorphies for mammalia |
Muscular thoracic diaphragm Four chambered heart with left aortic arch Endothermy Single bone in lower jaw Heterodont denditation Middle ear Mammary glands Hair |
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Distinguish between endothermy and ectothermy. |
Endothermy: body heat generated internally by the metabolism of food Ectothermy: body heat obtained from the environment |
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What is the function of heterodont dentition on Mammals? |
Allows more precise chewing |
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Why isn't egg laying an apomorphy for monotremes? |
It is not a unique feature other vertebrates possess it, it has been inherited from a common amniote ancestor. |
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Name four tooth types in mammals |
Incisors Canines Premolars Molars |
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Name an apomorphy for Marsupilia |
Marsupium |
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Name one apomorphy eutheridia |
Corpus collosum |
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What are the names of the three middle ear bones in mammals |
Stapes Malleus Incus |
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From which ancestral, involved in jaw articulation of all non-mammalian amniotes, are the middle ear bones of mammals derived? |
The quadrate in the upper jaw of mammalian ancestors become the incus |
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How does the muscular diaphragm function in mammalian respiration? |
Contraction of the diaphragm increases the volume of the thoracic cavity and lowers preassure in the lungs so that air flows inward |
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What are the differences between true horns, antlers, pronghorns, rhino horns, and ossicones? |
true horns: occur in sheep, goats, cattle and antelopes have a core of living bones, covered with keratin sheath antlers: skin covered during growth but are composed only of bone when maturepronghorns: found only among the North American pronghorn: have a bony core, covered with a sheath derived from hair rhino horns: a compacted mass of hairs that continuous to grows throughout the animals life and is made up of keratin and attached to the skull ossicones: found in giraff |
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What is the sister taxon to mammalia? |
Reptilia |
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What is the sister taxon Amniota? |
Amphibia |
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What is the sister taxon to Tetrapoda? |
Dipnoi |
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What s echolation and which two mammalian taxa use it for locomotion? |
Echolation: the process by which an animal emits sounds to sense distance and shape surrounding an object Chiroptera and odontocetes |
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Name five apomorphies of Theria |
Viviparous Cloaca lost Expanded gray matter in brain Pinnae well developedFemale with nipples |
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Which mammals are classified as memebers of the Xenarthra? |
Sloths, anthers, & armadillon |
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Which mammals are classified as members of the Afrotheria? |
hyraxes elephants manatees and sea cows. |
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Which mammals are classified as members of the Boreoeutheria? |
bats(chiroptera) dogs(Carnivora) humans(primata) |
