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59 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are two membranes associated with the lungs?
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Visceral pleura
Parietal pleura |
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What are the four chambers of the heart?
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Right atrium
Right ventricle Left atrium Left ventricle |
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Which camber of the heart is the strongest?
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Left atrium
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What are the four layers of the heart?
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Parietal pericardium
Visceral pericardium (epicardium) Myocardium Endocardium |
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What is the pathway of blood through the heart?
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Superior vena cava and inferior vena cava -> Right atrium -> Right ventricle -> Pulmonary artery -> Lungs -> Pulmonary vein -> Left atrium -> Left ventricle -> Aorta
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Where does gas exchange occur in birds?
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Parabronchi
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What is the pathway of flow during inspiration?
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Nasal cavity -> Pharynx -> Larynx - > Trachea -> Bronchi -> Bronchioles -> Alveoli
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What are three functions of turbinates?
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Warm air
Moisten air Clean air |
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What are turbinates covered with?
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Ciliated mucous-producing epithelium
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What do cilia do?
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Moves mucous and debris towards the pharynx for swallowing and passage into the stomach
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What two things pass through the pharynx?
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Air
Food |
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What does the epiglottis do?
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Prevent food from entering larynx
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What one thing passes through the larynx?
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Air
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Does the larynx contain cartilage?
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Yes
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Does the trachea contain cartilage?
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Yes
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Do the bronchi contain cartilage?
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Yes
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Do the bronchioles contain cartilage?
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No
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Where does gas exchange occur in a cat?
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Alveoli
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Is the pleura cavity a higher or lower pressure than the lungs and atmosphere?
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Lower pressure
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What are three structures in the sloth skull?
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Hypobranchial apparatus
Partly bony larynx Tracheal rings |
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What is a structure found in sheep, but not cats or rabbits?
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Vocal folds
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What is one function of the spleen?
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Produces red blood cells during fetal development
Filters out old red blood cells Produces white blood cells during infections Releases white blood cells during infections |
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Which two types of tissues does the spleen have?
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Red pulp
White pulp |
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What is red pulp?
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The blood sinuses that fill most of the organ
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What is white pulp?
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The lymphatic nodules that are scattered throughout the red pulp
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What type of organ is the spleen?
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Cardiovascular organ
Lymphatic organ |
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What are white pulp regions?
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Concentrations of lymphocytes
Concentrations of other white blood cells |
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Is the Mammalian heart single circuit or dual circuit?
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Dual circuit
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What are the two different types of circuits?
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Pulmonary pathway
Systemic pathway |
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What does the pulmonary pathway do?
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Delivers deoxygenated blood to the lungs for gas exchange
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What does the systemic pathway do?
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Delivers oxygenated blood to the brain, heart, and organs
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What side of the heart does the pulmonary pathway use?
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Right
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What side of the heart does the systemic pathway use?
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Left
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How many times must blood travel through the heart to make a complete circuit of the body?
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Twice
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What is the Mammalian homolog of the shark sinus venosus?
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A cluster of pacemaker cells in the right atrium
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What is the Mammalian homolog of the shark atrium?
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Right atrium or left atrium
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What is the Mammalian homolog of the shark ventricle?
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Right ventricle or left ventricle
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What is the Mammalian homolog of the shark conus arteriosus?
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None or semilunar valve at the boundary between the left ventricle and the aorta
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What are the two different types of valves of the heart?
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AV valves have chordae tendinae
Semilunar valves |
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What is the AV valve between?
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Atria
Ventricles |
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What is the semilunar valve between?
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Ventricles
Arteries |
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What does it mean when we say the kidney is retroperitoneal?
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Because the kidney tissue is posterior to or dorsal to the coelomic membranes
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What is one function of the metanephros kidney?
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Excretion of wastes
Acid-base homeostasis Osmolarity regulation Blood pressure regulation Hormone secretion |
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What is one function of the ureter?
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Carries urine to the urinary bladder
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What is one function of the urinary bladder?
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Stores urine
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What is one function of the urethra?
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Transports urine from the urinary bladder
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What are six regions of the pig kidney?
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Renal cortex
Renal medulla Renal pyramid Renal calyxx Renal papilla Renal pelvis |
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What do kidneys develop from?
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Mesomere mesoderm
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What type of kidney do most fishes and amphibians have?
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Opisthonephros kidney
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What do the accessory urinary ducts in male sharks do?
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Drain urine from the caudal region of the kidney
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What does the cloaca enclose?
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Urinary papilla
Genital exit point Digestive tract exit point |
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What is one function of the rectal gland?
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Osmoregulation
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What kind of kidney do adult amniotes have?
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Metanephros kidney
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What two things does the renal cortex contain?
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Renal corpuscles
Renal tubules |
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What is the renal pelvis divided into?
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Renal pyramids
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What two things do the renal pyramids contain?
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Loops of Henle
Collecting ducts |
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What is the end of each renal pyramid called?
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Renal papilla
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What is the function of renal papilla?
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The exit of urine from the renal tubules
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What is the function of the renal pelvis?
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Funnels urine into ureter
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