Lab 11

Front 1

Pertomyzontida

Back 1

(lampreys) oldest lineage of vertebrates, 38 species live in various maring and freshwater habitats. they do no have jaws, but instead use their round mouth to clamp down and feed on prey. the skeleton of a lamprey is cartilaginous, with a serious of paried projections associated with the notochord.

Front 2

Gnathostome

Back 2

(jawed fishes) are vertebrates that have jaws. jaws are thought to be modifications of the skeletal rods were components of the pharyngeal arches

Front 3

chondrichthyes

Back 3

(sharks,skates,rays,and ratfishes)(gnathostome) this group is an ancient and diverse lineage that is characterized by a cartilaginous skeleton and placoid scales. the cartilaginous skeleton is a derived condition, placoid scales are plate-like with a cusp and resemble teeth. shark teeth are modified placoid scales

Front 4

actinopterygii

Back 4

(ray-finned fishes)(gnathostome) this is the most diverse clade of vertebrates with over 30000 species. most have an ossified (boney) skeleton and a body that is covered with bony scales that are derived from the dermis, Fins are supported by rays (and sometimes spines) that are also derived from the dermis

Front 5

sarcopterygii

Back 5

(flashy-finned fishes)(gnathostome) sister taxon to the tetrapods, this clade contains only eight extant species (six lungfishes and two coelacanths).

Front 6

Tetrapods

Back 6

gnathostomes with four limbs

Front 7

amphibia

Back 7

(frog,toads,salamanders, cecilians)(tetrapods) this clade of tetrapods contains organisms with moist, glandular skin, No scales are present and toes do not have nails or claws, eggs of amphibians have a gelatinous capsule

Front 8

Amniotes

Back 8

tetrapods that produce terrestrially-adapted eggs, these eggs are called amniotic eggs and are characterized by the presence of four membranes: amnion (contains fluid and surrounds the embryo; it serves to protect the embryo); chorion(gas exchange); yolk sac (contains food for the developing embryo); and allantois (a reservoir for nitrogen-containing waste)

Front 9

Sauropsida

Back 9

(amniotes) tetrapods with epidermal scales containing keratin; the jaw hinge is formed by the quadrate bone of the skull and the articular bone of the lower jaw

Front 10

Testudomorpha

Back 10

(turtles)(sub-class to Sauropsida) these amniotes have protective shell comprised of the carapace dorsally and the plastron ventrally. there are no temporal openings in the skull (this condition is called anapsid).

Front 11

Lepidosauromorpha

Back 11

(sub-class to sauropsida)( tuatara, snakes, and lizards) these amniotes have two temporal openings in the temporal region of the skull (diapsid), as well as fusion of snout bones and arrangement of pelvic and foot bones.

Front 12

Archosauromorpha

Back 12

(sub-class to sauropsida)(crocodilians and birds) amniotes with diapsid skulls, and orbit shaped like an inverted triangle, and a skull opening anterior to the eye

Front 13

Mammalia

Back 13

(mammals) tetrapods with hair, females have mammary glands; the jaw hinge is formed by the squamosal bone of the skull and the dentary bone of the jaw. Mammals have one temporal opening in the skull, a condition called synapsid.