Lab # 10 The Nervous System

Front 1

2 divisions of the nervous system, and what they are composed of

Back 1

1) Central nervous system = brain and spinal cord
2) Peripheral nervous system = nerves and ganglia

Front 2

Nodes of Ranvier

Back 2

Spaces along the myelin sheath that exposes axon and is where Na+ channels are located

Front 3

The Myelin sheath is made up of which cells in the CNS and PNS

Back 3

CNS = oligodendrocytes

PNS = schwann cells

Front 4

A group of somas (cell bodies) at the start of each nerve in the CNS and PNS

Back 4

CNS = nucleus (Pl. nuclei)

PNS = ganglion (Pl. ganglia)

Front 5

A group of axons wrapped in connective tissue in the CNS and PNS

Back 5

CNS = tract

PNS = nerve

Front 6

Path of nerve impulses
5

Back 6

Sensory cell (affector) → Sensory neuron (PNS) → Interneuron (CNS) → Motor neuron (PNS) → Muscle or gland (effector)

Front 7

Parts of the neuron
9

Back 7

1) Dendrites
2) Soma
3) Axon hillock
4) Axon
5) Terminal buttons
6) Myelin sheath
7) Schwann cells (PNS)
8) Oligodendrocytes (CNS)
9) Nodes of Ranvier

Front 8

Axon hillock

Back 8

• where the soma meets the axon
• where it is "decided" whether an impulse either dies out or continues down axon

Front 9

1
Definition

Back 9

Grey matter = made up of somas and dendrites

Front 10

2
Definition

Back 10

White matter = made up of axons

Front 11

3

Back 11

Dorsal horn = in back

Front 12

4
Definition

Back 12

Interneuron
• a neuron of the CNS
• link between the motor and sensory neurons

Front 13

5

Back 13

Dorsal root

Front 14

6
Definition

Back 14

Sensory neuron
• afferent neurons
• receives electrochemical signals from sense organs

Front 15

7
Definition

Back 15

Ganglion = group of somas

Front 16

8
9

Back 16

8 = receptor = affector
9 = muscle = effector

Front 17

10
Definition

Back 17

Mixed nerve = group of axons wrapped in CT of the PNS

Front 18

11

Back 18

Motor neuron = sends signals to effectors (muscles and glands)

Front 19

12
Definition

Back 19

Central canal = contains cerebral spinal fluid

Front 20

13

Back 20

Ventral horn = front

Front 21

1

Back 21

Parietal lobe

Front 22

2

Back 22

Occipital lobe

Front 23

3

Back 23

Frontal lobe

Front 24

4

Back 24

Temporal lobe

Front 25

5

Back 25

Pons

Front 26

6
Definition

Back 26

Medulla oblongata = regulates breathing

Front 27

7

Back 27

Spinal cord

Front 28

8
Definition (2)

Back 28

Cerebellum
• for balance and equilibrium
• works with semicircular canals of the ears

Front 29

Cerebrum

Back 29

• The upper part of the brain (the lobes)
• controls all higher brain functioning

Front 30

1
10
Definition

Back 30

1 = Midbrain
10 = corpora quadrigemina

• Reflex response to auditory and visual input
• Corpora develops into midbrain

Front 31

2
Definition

Back 31

Corpus callosum = nerve tracts running between the 2 hemispheres of the cerebrum

Front 32

3
Definition

Back 32

Thalamus = switchboard; relays impusles

Front 33

4
Definition

Back 33

Hypothalamus = hormone regulation

Front 34

5
Definition

Back 34

Pituitary gland = hormone regulation

Front 35

6
Definition

Back 35

Pon = regulates breathing rhythm

Front 36

7
Definition

Back 36

Medulla oblongata = regulates breathing rate

Front 37

8

Back 37

Spinal cord

Front 38

9
Definition (2)

Back 38

Cerebellum = balance work in coordination
• works in conjunction with semicircular canals of ear