Lab 1 Idc

Front 1

What is the definition of fecal occult blood?

Back 1

The presence of hidden or unseen blood

Front 2

What is PPE?

Back 2

Personal Protective Equipment

Front 3

What color is the blood from a lower GI tract Bleed?

Back 3

Bright red blood

Front 4

What color is the blood from an upper GI bleed?

Back 4

Dark red or mohagany

Front 5

What are the 2 logs when overboard discharge of Medical waste

Back 5

Deck log and Medical journal and labled Date, time, location, and number of bags

Front 6

Storage of infectious waste should be limited to How many days?

Back 6

7 Days
Storage rooms must be marked with BIOHAZARD and AUTHORIZED PERSONNEL ONLY.

Front 7

How should you educate the pt who has to collect guiac at home?

Back 7

Instruct pt to have a meat free diet for 3 days before test and intake should be a high fiber diet for good bowel movement such as corn, lettuce, and bran

Front 8

What is another name for Capillary puncture?

Back 8

Microsampling

Front 9

How many days should the guiac be conducted?

Back 9

3 separate days

Front 10

Who may give authorization for overboard discharge of medical waste?

Back 10

Only the CO

Front 11

What method is used to collect stools for guiac testing?

Back 11

Use aliquot from the center of the stool sample
apply a thin smear from 2 separate areas of the specimen

Front 12

Which tubes contain the anticoagulant Heparin?

Back 12

Green TOP
Special plasma studies

Front 13

How many times must the test be repeated to be valid?

Back 13

3-6 times

Front 14

What tubes contain EDTA coagulant?

Back 14

Purple top
CBC
Differential WBC

Front 15

What drugs can give a false positive results for Guiac?

Back 15

Colchicine
Oxidizing Agents
Boric acid
Bromides
Iodine
Inorganic iron

Front 16

Which tube is used in coagulation studies?

Back 16

Blue top
PT
PTT
Chelating agent that binds calcium

Front 17

Which anticoagulant is of limited use because its salts affect some test results?

Back 17

Heparin

Front 18

What is the max amount of time a sample can be held without testing?

Back 18

6 days at most then discard

Front 19

When performing a capillary pucture what should you do with 1st drop of blood?

Back 19

Wipe away due to tissue dilution with alcohol

Front 20

What percent of guiac testing shows a false positive?

Back 20

10 %

Front 21

What is the choice of anticoagulant to prevent cellular destruction?

Back 21

EDTA

Front 22

Which tube is used for glucose studies and ETOH studies, that prohibits glycolosis?

Back 22

Grey tube Sodium Flouride

Front 23

Which addatives provide physical barrier that separates

Back 23

Serum Separater tube (SST)
Tiger top, HIV

Front 24

What is the normal value of WBC?

Back 24

4,500-11,000/ cubic millimeter

Front 25

What other conditions will show positive for HCG?

Back 25

Hydatidiform (cyst like moles)
Trophoblastic tumors
Beginning menopause

Front 26

When do you dispose of Sharps containers?

Back 26

after 90 days
When 3/4 full
or if Foul odor is present

Front 27

How does the blood fill the pipette?

Back 27

capillary action

Front 28

What is criteria for overboard discharge?

Back 28

Endangers Health or safety
Creates unacceptable nuisance
Compromise of combat readiness

Front 29

What are conditions must be met for overboard discharge?

Back 29

CO approval
Greater than 50 Nautical miles from shore
Must be properly packaged and weighted for negative buoyancy

Front 30

What is the instruction for Management of infectious waste?

Back 30

BUMED 6280-1

Front 31

When performing a finger stick, where on the finger is stuck?

Back 31

Puncture off center such as sides of finger tip

Front 32

What top of tube is the specimen of choice for blood smears ?

Back 32

Lavender top

Front 33

What is universal precaution?

Back 33

an infection control strategy to reduce the risk of disease transmission

Front 34

What substances are considered infectious by the CDC?

Back 34

Blood
Tissue
Semen

Front 35

Where do we separate waste?

Back 35

at the point of origin

Front 36

How do we handle Biohazardous waste?

Back 36

In red or orange marked bags
Bags are emptied daily
Double bagged, goosenecked, and secured with heavy tape
Bags are labled with name, address, and phone # of originator

Front 37

What type of container is used for Sharps?

Back 37

Rigid, puncture resistant, leak proof container

Front 38

what are the ranges for RBC in female and male?

Back 38

Male: 4.2-6.0mil/mm3
Female: 3.6-5.6mil/mm3

Front 39

What is the normal vaules of HCT for male?

Back 39

41.5-50%

Front 40

Normal values for HCT of Females?

Back 40

35.9-44.6%

Front 41

What is CFR?

Back 41

code of federal regulations

Front 42

When is the CFR revised?

Back 42

annually

Front 43

What instruction governs infectious waste mangament?

Back 43

BUMED 6280.1A

Front 44

Who publishes guidelines for workplace safety and health?

Back 44

CDC

Front 45

What is specialized clothing or equipment worn by a person to protect against hazards?

Back 45

Personal protective equipment (PPE)

Front 46

What is the time line for segregation of waste?

Back 46

dispose after 90 days when 3/4 full or if foul odor is detected

Front 47

How long can storage be limited too?

Back 47

7 days

Front 48

One of the following criteria must be the basis for requesting overboard dishcarge of infectious waste?

Back 48

a. endanges health or safety
b. Creates unaccpetable nuisance
c. Compromise of combat readiness

Front 49

What are some conditions for disposal of infectious waste?

Back 49

CO approval
Must be > 50 nautical miles from shore
Properly packaged and weighted for Negative buoyancy

Front 50

Where should disposal of waste be documented?

Back 50

deck log and medical journal
Date, time, ship's location, number of bags

Front 51

What color of tube is used for CBC and Diff?

Back 51

lavendar with EDTA

Front 52

How long can a specimen be refrigerated for after drawn?

Back 52

apporx 24 hrs

Front 53

What is in the light blue tubes as anticoagulant?

Back 53

Sodium citrate

Front 54

What is the blue tubes used for during specimen sampling?

Back 54

PT/PTT

Front 55

What color is the Heaparin ?

Back 55

Green

Front 56

What are the green tubes used for?

Back 56

plasma studies Ammonia and ACTH (adrenocorticotropic hormone)

Front 57

Antithrombin does what?

Back 57

prevents conversion of prothrombin to thrombin

Front 58

What type is mainly used for chemistery , blood banking and serology?

Back 58

REd top ( no anticoagulant /preservative

Front 59

What is tiger top used for?

Back 59

Serum separator tube, HIV
contains serum separator gel

Front 60

What type of tube used for glucose studies?

Back 60

Grey top

Front 61

Sodium floride does what to the blood?

Back 61

inhibits glycolysis

Front 62

Code of Federal Regulations (CFR) – compendium of all federal laws.

Back 62

1. Revised annually
2. Divided into 50 titles
3. Each title divided into chapters
4. Each chapter divided into specific regulatory areas.

Front 63

Governing bodies

Back 63

1. Local
a. SWMI – Surface Warfare Medical Institute
1. NSHSSDIEGOINST 5100.1D (Safety Manual). NSHSSDIEGOINST 5100.3B (Blood borne exposure)
2. State
3. Federal
a. OSHA & NIOSH: The Occupational Safety and Health Act of 1970 created both OSHA & NIOSH.
b. NIOSH is part of CDC and the US Dept of Health and Human Services NIOSH MISSIONS
c. Code of Federal Regulations (CFR) – compendium of all federal laws.
4. Navy
a. NAVOSH and Environmental Training Center
b.BUMED 6280.1A - Management of Infectious Waste
5. SOFA: Status of Forces Agreement

Front 64

Infectious Storage Requirements

Back 64

1. Mark storage rooms:
a. “Biohazard”
b. Authorized personnel only
2. Close to treatment area or transport site and lockable
3. Kept clean and pest/rodent -free
4. Limit storage to 7 days

Front 65

Sodium citrate is found in what color blood tube

Back 65

1. A liquid anticoagulant used in light blue tops
2. Used for coagulation studies
a. Prothrombin Time ( PT )
b. Partial Thromboplastin Time (PTT)
3. A chelating agent that binds calcium.

Front 66

EDTA (ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid) is found in what color blood tube

Back 66

1. Liquid in purple tops.
2. Typically used in Hematology studies:
a. CBC
b. Differential
3. Most widely used.
4. Chelating agent which binds calcium so blood cannot clot.
5. Does not affect cellular morphology.
6. Specimens can be refrigerated for approx. 24 hrs.

Front 67

Heparin is found in what color blood tube

Back 67

1. Liquid or powder in green tops.
2. Used for special plasma studies
a. Ammonia
b. Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)
3. Inhibits the clotting enzyme thrombin by activating antithrombin.
a. * Antithrombin prevents conversion of prothrombin to thrombin.
4. It is of limited use because heparin salts affect some test results. Heparin salts clump WBCs and platelets.

Front 68

Red Tops are used for what

Back 68

a. No anticoagulant/preservative
b. Sterile
c. Used mainly for:
 Chemistry
 Serology
 Blood bank
 Other test requiring serum

Front 69

Serum Separator Tube(SST)

Back 69

Tiger top, HIV tube.
a. No anticoagulant
b. Contains serum separator gel.

Front 70

Sodium fluoride

Back 70

a. Grey top tube
b. Used for glucose studies
c. ETOH levels analysis
d. Inhibits glycolysis.*

Front 71

Tube color Order of draw

Back 71

Red, Blue, Green, Purple, Gray

Front 72

Define Hematocrit

Back 72

a. Ratio of the volume of RBC to that of whole blood
b.Expressed in percentage
c. Can be measured directly by centrifugation with macromethods or micromethods.
d.Can be measured indirectly as the product of the MCV times RBC count in automated instruments

Front 73

Normal values of Hematocrit

Back 73

*. Normal Values
1. 1. Male: 41.5% - 50.4%
2. Female: 35.9% - 44.6%
*. Interpretation
1. Anemia – below normal
2. Polycythemia – above normal

Front 74

Define Hemoglobin

Back 74

a. The main function of Hgb is to transport oxygen from the lungs, where oxygen tension is high and to the tissues where oxygen is low.
b.Hemoglobin molecule consists of two pairs of polypeptide chains and four heme groups, each containing one atom of ferrous iron.

Front 75

Define Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin Concentration (MCHC)

Back 75

a. The average concentration of Hemoglobin in a given volume of packed red cells.
b.It is calculated from the Hb concentration and HCT.
c. Decreases values point to hypochromasia, decreases oxygen-carrying capacity because of decreases hemoglobin inside the cell.
d.Hypochromasia is seen in iron deficiency anemia and in thalassemia.
e. MCHC= Hemoglobin/HCT

Front 76

Define purpose of Platelet Count

Back 76

a. Used to determine if patient have bleeding disorders or bone marrow diseases, such as leukemia.
b.150,000 to 450,000/ ul.
c. <20,000 per microliter, spontaneous bleeding may occur and considered a lifethreatening risk.

Front 77

Define purpose of White Blood Cell Count

Back 77

a. A test used to determine the presence of an infection or leukemia.
b.Monitor the body’s response to various treatments and bone marrow function.
c. Leukocytosis - bacterial infections, inflammations, leukemia, trauma, intense exercise, or stress.
d.Leukopenia. It can result from many different situations, such as chemotherapy, radiation therapy, or diseases of the immune system.

Front 78

Define the purpose of Granulocyte Count

Back 78

a. Granulocytes are category of white blood cells characterized by the presence of granules in their cytoplasm.
b.They are also called polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN or PML) because of the varying shapes of the nucleus.
c. Three types of granulocytes

Front 79

What are Three types of granulocytes:

Back 79

1. Neutrophil granulocytes
2. Eosinophil granulocytes
3. Basophil granulocytes

Front 80

What are:
a. Eosinophils acts a phagocytes and modulate inflammatory responses
b. Destroy helminthes by generating potent oxidants and releasing cationic proteins
c. Participate in some inflammatory conditions, particularly allergic reactions, asthma, and certain myocardial diseases.
d. Dampens hypersensitivity and inflammatory reactions.
e. Normal value: 0 – 4%

Back 80

Eosinophil granulocytes

Front 81

What are:
a. One of the least abundant cells in blood, 0 – 2%.
b. The cytoplasm of basophil contains a varied amount of granules, which are numerous enough to partially conceal the nucleus.
c. Granule contents of basophil are abundant with histamine, heparin, chondroitin sulfate, peroxidase, platelet activating factor, and other substances.

Back 81

Basophil granulocytes

Front 82

What are:
a. Most abundant type of phagocyte
b. Constitutes 50 – 60% of total circulating WBCs

Back 82

Neutrophil granulocytes

Front 83

Lymphocyte/Monocyte Count

Back 83

a. Lymphocytes are the second most numerous cell in the blood, comprising from 20% to 44% of the adult blood cells.
b. Lymphocytosis – excess of lymphocytes in peripheral blood.
c. Absolute lymphocytes
2. Atypical lymphocytes – it is used to describe malignant appearing cells.
3. Reactive lymphocytes – it is used to describe formed or benign lymphocytes.

Front 84

Causes of reactive lymphs

Back 84

1.Viral – Adenovirus, chicken pox, cytomegalovirus, EBV, hepatitis, herpes simplex, herpes zoster, HIV, influenza, paramyzovirus (mumps), rubella.
2..Bacterial – Brucellosis, parathyroid fever, pertussis (whooping cough), tuberculosis, typhoid fever.
3.Drug reaction – during recovery from acute infection.
4.Miscellaneous – Acute infectious lymphocytosis, allergic reactions, autoimmune diseases, hyperthyroidism, malnutrition, rickets, syphilis, toxoplasmosis.