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23 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is the Urachus?
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Extends from the umbilicus to the apex of the bladder?
Connects bladder to the allantoic sac in the fetus |
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What is the purpose of the umbilical arteries?
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From umbilicus to the iliac a.
Carries Oxygen poor blood from fetus to placenta Becomes: Round ligament of the BLADDER |
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What is the purpose of the umbilical vein?
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From umbilicus to liver
Carries oxygen rich blood from placenta to ductus venosus Becomes: Round ligament of the LIVER |
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What are the etiologies of umbilical hernias?
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1. Congenital (Hereditary)- closes by day 4
2. Developmental (hereditary)- develops by 5-8 weeks |
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What are the typical contents of an umbilical hernia?
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SI
Omentum Rarely cecum Incarceration not uncommon |
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What are clinical signs of an umbilical hernia?
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Umbilical enlargement
Reducible=uncomplicated=fluidy, "soft" Non-reducible=complicated: dense, hard, warm frequently systemic signs |
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What are diagnostics for umbilical hernias?
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Visual inspection
Palpation Ultrasound Needle aspiration (ONLY if abcess if present!) |
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How do medically treat an uncomplicated hernia?
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If hernia ring <10cm diameter
Manual reduction BID Abdominal bandage with half a tennis ball NO CLAMPS! |
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How do you surgically treat an uncomplicated hernia?
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Hernia ring >10cm diameter
No resolution with medical treatment 4-5 MOA Signs of incarceration? |
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How do you surgically treat a complicated umbilical hernia?
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Bowel incarceration?
Emergency Ex-Lap and intestine resection/closure Particularly if local infection or abcess |
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What are the terminology for umbilical infection?
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Omphalitis: umbilical remnants
Omphalophlebitis: Umbilical vein Omphaloarteritis: Umbilical aa. |
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What are the etiologies for umbilical infection?
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Hematogenous infection pre or post- partum
Ascending infection post-partum |
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What are the bacteria most commonly isolated in umbilical infections?
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Most common isolates:
beta-hemolytic strep E. coli Proteus Klebsiella |
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What are the clinical signs of Umbilical infection?
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Umbilical enlargement with inflammation
Failure of passive transfer Systemic signs of sepsis secondary joint infections Septic osteomyelitis |
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How do you diagnose umbilical infection?
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ULTRASOUND!
Lateral recumbency, 7.5 MHz probe |
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How do you treat an umbilical infection?
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Abx if otherwise healthy foal
-- drain external abcess if present (culture/ sensitivity) Abx and surgical resection if: Concurrent disease No improvement within 7d Worsened clinical condition |
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What is a patent urachus?
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Failure of the urachus to contract and close, causing urine to dribble from umbilicus despite urinating through urethra
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How do you treat a patent urachus?
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If a foal is otherwise healthy:
Keep umbilicus clean/dry Prophylactic systemic abx If foal has concurrent disease: Surgical resection of umbilical remnants Surgery may improve long term survival/ morbidity |
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What is the prognosis for a patent urachus?
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Should resolve within 2-7 days if uncomplicated
Poor without surgery for patent urachus |
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What is the etiology of umbilical hernias of calves?
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Hereditary: Female holsteins-- Don't breed
A. pyogenes is most common isolate |
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How do you close the body wall when fixing an umbilical hernia?
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Wall closure: #1 Absorbable
Subcutaneous: 3-O Absorbable Horizontal mattress Skin: 2-O Absorbable Intradermal Stent/Loban over incision |
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What are the post-op care instructions for Umbilical hernias?
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Abx: 7-14 days
Restrict activity for 3-6 weeks Remove/Replace bandage over cover 1-3 days post-op Remove external skin sutures/staples in 2 weeks |
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What are complications of umbilical hernia?
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Septic Arthritis
Septicemia Hernia Body Wall Infection Peritonitis Abdominal Adhesions |
